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councillorsExplanation ... The SADF made a direct correlation between select Radio Freedom broadcasts and acts of violence within the country, like the killings of community councillors, police members and other ‘collaborators’. 37 Thus, for example, the fact that 13 540 security force members were attacked between ... ... organisations, bearing the social identities of ‘comrades’. Targets of attack were repeatedly people seen as linked to the apartheid system (councillors or their families, police, sell-outs) and invariably rumoured to be, or identified – whether justifiably or not – as impimpis ... ... those who fought against the apartheid system and those who were seen as ‘collaborators’ because they participated in state structures (black councillors) or helped to enforce the apartheid system (black police, ‘kitskonstabels’ 6). At the human rights violation hearing in Upington, Ms ... and regulations. This coincided with policy changes by the liberation movements with regard to legitimate targets, which led to attacks on community councillors, police, landmines, the killing of so-called collaborators generally and the phenomenon of necklacing. What fed on what during this stage ... ... that I am saying this on behalf of the majority of people in this town of ours, and I know that I am saying that on behalf of the majority of the Councillors who are within the Council. As I mentioned that it is our task. People who are here who for the past three days have been part of this ... ... on specific incidents. These latter included: a The 1976 Soweto student uprising. b The 1986 Alexandra six-day war that followed attacks on councillors. c The KwaNdebele/Moutse homeland incorporation conflict. d The killing of farmers in the former Transvaal. e The 1985 Trojan Horse ... ... to each other. h Karoo (Colesburg) ( 7 - 9 October 1996). The cases dealt with the torture of youth, attacks on impimpi (informers) on community councillors and police officers. The hearings were decentralised and held in De Aar, Hanover and Colesberg to make them more accessible to the ... ... of violations was committed by participants in campaigns. Such violations include direct attacks on government bodies and agents such as community councillors, security forces, kitskonstabels (special constables) and municipal police and those perceived to be, or associated with, informers. 232 ... ... were identified for incorporation into KwaZulu. A large number of residents in these townships opposed incorporation into KwaZulu. Non-Inkatha councillors withdrew from the township local councils as an act of protest and clashes subsequently occurred between those opposing incorporation ... ... the East Rand and Vaal Triangle. In particular, there was increasing anxiety about their seeming inability to protect black policemen and community councillors, a core component of their reform strategy but at the same time an increasingly vulnerable underbelly. He told the Commission: [W]e knew ... ... serving special constables were implicated in widespread anonymous ‘balaclava’ killings and attacks in the western Cape, at the behest of town councillors. THE COMMISSION FINDS THAT SPECIAL CONSTABLES CONSTITUTED A PARTICULARLY POORLY TRAINED AND ILL-DISCIPLINED SECTOR OF THE SECURITY ... ... 41. Another facet of MK operations was the targeting of those regarded as collaborators. These included police officers, their family members, councillors, state witnesses in trials, and suspected informers. In terms of the Geneva Conventions and Protocol I to the Conventions, all of these ... ... resistance following 1984, such campaigns were increasingly associated with violence at a local level. Targets of such violence included community councillors, black policemen, those who broke boycotts and groups such as Inkatha. 133 There were a few ANC acts of sabotage in this period that ... as being barred from the health club or (as is commonly alleged) white Afrikaans schools still seem commonplace. Interaction between black and white councillors seems to have built a certain level of mutual trust and a sense of partnership, and this has been broadened through the operation of ... |
