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school boycotts

Explanation
School boycotts originated in the Western Cape in April 1980 and spread to several other regions in South Africa. Grievances initially concerned the standard and quality of education but these grew into wider political protest. Street protests and police actions resulted in widespread violence. In the Cape, police shootings led to over 40 deaths. In the Orange Free State, police made use of force and firepower to break up crowd demonstrations, often resulting in injury and, in some cases, death. In Natal, boycotting pupils in KwaMashu defied Chief Buthelezi's calls to return to school, resulting in clashes between pupils and Inkatha supporters. These boycotts allegedly led to an increased exodus of youth from the country to join the ANC. Towards the end of 1985 , the UDF adopted a campaign to make the townships ungovernable. Educational institutions and trade unions became key sites of revolutionary activity. School boycotts and strikes were transformed into scenes of violent conflict and bloodletting. A state of emergency was declared in July and extended in October. It continued until the first democratic election in 1994.

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Was run over and killed by a police vehicle in Leeuwfontein, Transvaal, on 11 February 1991 during school boycotts to protest against the area’s incorporation into Bophuthatswana.
Was detained on 24 April 1985 in Molteno, Cape, during school boycotts in the area. In detention he was tortured. He was later sentenced to seven years’ imprisonment on a charge of public violence.
A UDF supporter who was shot by a member of the Railway Police in Noupoort, Cape, on 18 July 1985, and died of his injuries two weeks later. Mr Ntame was engaged in an attack on a teacher’s home during the school boycotts when he was killed.
Was arrested, detained and tortured by named and other SAP members in Worcester, Cape, on 27 July 1985 during school boycotts following the deaths of the Cradock Four. See Cradock Four.
Was shot dead by members of the SAP in Dimbaza, Ciskei, on 27 September 1977 during school boycotts following the death in detention of Black Consciousness Movement (BCM) leader, Steve Biko.
Was severely beaten and tortured by members of the SAP in June 1986 at Maboloka, Bophuthatswana. Mr Sentoedi was a member of the SACC and was arrested because of a crackdown on activists during school boycotts.
A COSAS member who was abducted and imprisoned by IFP supporters in KwaMashu, Durban, on 16 June 1980. She and her siblings were taken before the KwaZulu Legislature in Ulundi to swear that they would stop mobilising school students for boycotts.
An ANC supporter who was shot in the leg by members of the South African Police in 1980 outside the Grand Piano nightclub in Johannesburg, during a period of political tension when there were school boycotts, stayaways and protests.
An ANC supporter who was arrested and assaulted while in detention on 15 February 1986 at Jouberton police station in the Transvaal. His arrest occurred during consumer and school boycotts and rent protests in the area.
An ANC supporter who was hit with a gun, put into a coffin and tear-gassed by a named member of the Security Branch in Ladybrand, OFS, in 1986, allegedly because he was mobilising students during the school boycotts.
Was stabbed to death in Welkom, Orange Free State (OFS), on 4 November 1990. This occurred at a time of widespread and lengthy school boycotts in areas of the OFS.
A COSAS member who was detained and assaulted by named members of the Security Branch in Parys, OFS, on several occasions from 18 April 1986, allegedly because he was organising school boycotts.
Was abducted during a period of school boycotts and political conflict in Kroonstad, Orange Free State, on 14 March 1990, and has never been seen again.
A SAAWU member who was sjambokked and severely injured by a member of the Ciskei Police during school boycotts in Zwelitsha, Ciskei, in October 1985.
An ANC supporter who was shot dead by SAP members on 10 March 1986 during the school boycotts at Lamontville, near Durban.
Was shot in the arm by members of the SAP in Zola II, Soweto, Johannesburg, on 18 September 1976 during mass demonstrations and boycotts by high school pupils following the Soweto uprising.
His knee was injured when police fired shots into a crowd of demonstrating students during school boycotts in Adelaide, Cape, in March 1981.
An ANC supporter who was shot dead by a named police officer in Kutloanong, Odendaalsrus, Orange Free State (OFS), on 14 April 1990. This occurred at a time of widespread and lengthy school boycotts in areas of the OFS.
An ANC supporter who was shot dead by the SAP in Odendaalsrus, Orange Free State (OFS) on 3 March 1990, when conflict broke out between police and boycotting students. This occurred at a time of widespread and lengthy school boycotts in the OFS region.
Was assaulted by members of the SAP in Pretoria, on 19 March 1986 during school boycotts because he was accused of having killed a policeman in Soshanguve, Pretoria.
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