self-protection units (SPUs)

... that they might have shot at the marchers as they were running away. All eleven applicants were granted amnesty [AC/2000/142]. SELF-DEFENCE UNITS 1990–1994 Background to self-defence units 155. In the period 1990 to 1994, self-defence units (SDUs) emerged in many urban townships in ...

... did little to change the situation. 230 The Peace Accord made provision for the establishment of “voluntary associations or self-protection units in any neighbourhood to prevent crime and to prevent any invasion of the lawful rights of such communities” (clause 3.7.1). It stated ...

of being informants, collaborators and members of the IFP. In many instances, identification was made on spurious grounds. Many young members of SDU units were involved in reconnaissance work, the cleaning of weapons and lesser offences such as the collection of money from residents for ...

... and the Department of Justice witness protection programme. In addition, security officers were encouraged to maintain contact with their former units and dip into their informer networks. 14 At the outset, requests for protection came from three sources: first, victims who were being ...

... given by MK leadership for the training of SDUs in the 1990s. Regarding the setting up of SDUs, the ANC told the Commission: Various clandestine units for the training and organisation of the various SDUs were set up, and some cadres were tasked to provide weaponry where possible … Selected ...

how to categorise members of a variety of more or less organised armed groupings. These ranged from relatively well to poorly organised self-defence units (SDUs), self-protection units (SPUs) and vigilante groupings, under varying degrees of control by the ANC, the IFP, the state or other ...

... On 6 March 1994, an IFP official and AWB members attacked the Flagstaff police station with the intention of obtaining arms for IFP self-protection units.1 8 9 In the course of the attack, they killed Constable Barnabas Jaggers and wounded Constable Wele Nyangana and Inspector Mzingizi ...

... regionally, as did the type of records collected, with the exception of the human rights violation statements. Furthermore, various committees, units and departments within the Commission operated fairly independently. The lack of uniformity or set policy on classification and storage systems ...

... Ad hoc VIP protection was extended to the Revd Dr Mgojo, Ms Gcabashe and Dr Orr. 25 The SAPS, the National Protection Service, and the VIP Units performed these functions in Cape Town, Gauteng and Durban. However, given the nature of the Commission’s mandate, these functions were also ...

... cache unearthed in KwaZulu-Natal during 1999, which was provided to the IFP by Vlakplaas, ostensibly for the purpose of training self-protection units. The Commission received a number of amnesty applications corroborating this evidence from both Vlakplaas and IFP operatives. Eugene de Kock, ...

... increasingly embroiled in internal conflict and territorial disputes, leading, in the most extreme circumstances, to the mass execution of rival units. The SDUs also increasingly took on the role of self-appointed ‘community police’, often becoming violent moral arbiters in community ...

... means prior to and post-1990, including the United Democratic Front; and f Non-state paramilitary formations such as the ANC’s self-defence units and the IFP’s self-protection units (SPUs). ...

... and theft of a police vehicle. The Amnesty Committee found that they were given the order to obtain arms to be used by the IFP’s self protection units in their war against the ANC. 298 Nevertheless, in a section 29 investigative enquiry at the Commission’s Durban office, Mr Walter Felgate, ...

... the violations referred to; e colluding with the SADF to create a paramilitary force to carry out such violations; f creating self-protection units made up of the organisation’s supporters with the specific objective of violently preventing the holding of elections in KwaZulu-Natal in ...

... Ashdown, assisted by the police.33 172 The Commission heard that Ntombela enjoyed a good relationship with senior members of the police and that units of the riot police were often seen at his home. Evidence given at the Commission’s hearings in Pietermaritzburg in 1996 and at a 1997 amnesty ...

Self-protection units (SPUs) 381 From the mid-1980s to the April 1994 general election, Inkatha supporters were trained by their leaders and/or by the KwaZulu Government in weapons handling and paramilitary tactics. Many terms were used to describe these trained fighters, including community ...

THAT MR HARRY GWALA, NOW DECEASED, FUNCTIONED AS A SELFSTYLED ANC WARLORD IN THE GREATER PIETERMARITZBURG AREA, AND THAT HE ESTABLISHED SELF-DEFENCE UNITS IN THE AREA UNDER HIS CONTROL. GWALA’S POLICIES AND PUBLIC UTTERANCES ACTIVELY FACILITATED A CLIMATE IN WHICH GROSS HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS ...

Self-defence units and weapons supply 253. The most senior ANC applications received in respect of this region relate to the provision of weapons and training of SDUs by three ANC leadership figures. Mr Jeff Radebe [AM7170/97], Mr Ian Phillips [AM5951/97] and Mr Sipho Sithole [AM5950/97] served on ...

... by the operational commander of the Caprivi trainees, Mr Daluxolo Luthuli, whose claims were corroborated by ten members of the paramilitary units under his command. The Amnesty Committee relied on these first-hand accounts as well as upon documentary evidence presented to it in order to ...

... an attack on the Flagstaff police station in the Eastern Cape on 6 March 1994, with the intention of stealing arms for use by IFP self-protection units (SPUs).238 AWB members Harry Simon Jardine [AM6178/97] and Andrew Howell [AM5961/97], AWB/IFP member Morton Christie [AM6610/97] and IFP ...