amntrans AMNESTY HEARINGS 1998-07-22 ERMELO https://sabctrc.saha.org.za/hearing.php?id=52726&t=&tab=hearings https://sabctrc.saha.org.za/originals/amntrans/1998/98072030_erm_blacat3.htm MZWANDILE GUSHU: (s.u.o) EXAMINATION BY MR BLACK (cont) Thank you Mr Chairman. I just briefly wish to conclude the evidence of the applicant Mr Gushu. Mr Gushu, yesterday you testified extensively about the murders, attempted murders and attacks on various people. You also mentioned that during the course of the attacks, you used on occasions a Makaroff pistol and AK47 rifles and purchased ammunition. Do you recall that? MR GUSHU Yes, I do. MR BLACK Now, were those weapons lawfully acquired and licensed? MR GUSHU According to the laws of the National Party they were unlicensed. MR BLACK Now, are you asking amnesty in respect of possession of unlawful ammunition and weapons? MR GUSHU Yes, I did. MR BLACK Okay. Now, can we - these actions which you carried out and attacks, were they in any way for personal gain or revenge? MR GUSHU No, I was acting like an MK soldier of Umkhonto weSizwe, as I was given an instruction. MR BLACK Were all these actions carried out under the command orders? MR GUSHU I did as I was instructed by the Organisation. MR BLACK What was the motive, for what purpose did you carry out these orders under the command of the Organisation? MR GUSHU It is because I wanted, it is because, I did all this in the name of democracy in South Africa and people should live peacefully without intimidation. MR BLACK Right. Now, in so far as the victims are concerned, have you anything to say to them? MR GUSHU Yes, I would like to say something. I am asking for - I apologise for my actions, but it was necessary for me to do that because I was given instructions. I was given instructions by my Organisation. MR BLACK Thank you. I have no further evidence to lead. NO FURTHER QUESTIONS BY MR BLACK . CHAIRPERSON Mr Patel, have you got any questions? CROSS-EXAMINATION BY MR PATEL I do, My Lord, Mr Chairman. Mr Gushu, if I understand your evidence correctly, the Piet Retief operations that you referred to in paragraph 13, on page 36, you talk about receiving instructions from the ANC command. Do I understand your evidence correctly that you are referring to the ANC command in Piet Retief? MR GUSHU Yes, I am referring to that one. MR PATEL Now, you will agree with me that you are not testifying about recent events. MR GUSHU I am testifying about what I did. MR PATEL These events took place quite some time ago? MR GUSHU Yes. MR PATEL And for that reason, your recollection of the events may be slightly inaccurate, would you agree? MR GUSHU Yes, I agree because now there is a government of National Unity. MR PATEL In addition the conditions under which you operated were somewhat chaotic and this would have further hampered your recollection of events, would you agree? MR GUSHU Yes, that is so. MR PATEL I am being deafened. I am going to be deaf by the end of the day. I put these questions to you because the fourth applicant, whom I represent, Mr Mkhwanazi, will state that he did give you a general instruction to ensure the safety of the ANC in the three areas you mentioned, namely Ermelo, Secunda and Piet Retief. He will say further that the only express orders that he issued to you with regard to assassinations, related to that of Chris Ngwenya and to Jwi Zwane, in other words he will testify that he did not give you an express instruction to assassinate Advice Gwala, but when you reported the assassination to him, he approved of your actions. Do you think just maybe that his recollection of the events, is correct and that perhaps you are mistaken in your recollection of events relating to Mr Gwala? MR GUSHU I didn't make a mistake. Sometimes I was forced to take an initiative, protecting the community. Whatever I did, I would report back to my Commander, if the Commander approves. MR PATEL Yes. Maybe you don't understand my question correctly. It is correct that he approved your assassination of Mr Gwala, that you did report it to him. MR GUSHU Yes, that is correct. MR PATEL In other words, he is testifying that your previous conduct of assassination, was one which you did out of your own intuition and it wasn't an express instruction such as with Jwi Zwane and Chris Ngwenya? MR GUSHU To me, it is the same, it remains the same. MR PATEL Do I understand your evidence correctly then to say that if a Commander approves your action after the deed, it is the same as if he had expressly instructed you to do that deed? MR GUSHU Yes, because if he was not approving of my actions, it means that I did that for my own. MR PATEL Thank you Mr Gushu, I have no further questions Mr Chairman. NO FURTHER QUESTIONS BY MR PATEL . CROSS-EXAMINATION BY EXAMINATION BY MR KEMP Mr Chairman, I have a couple of questions. Mr Gushu, can you please tell us exactly what your instructions were in regard to Chris Ngwenya, the instructions which we have heard which you received from Mr Mkhwanazi? Please tell us exactly what your instructions were. MR GUSHU The instruction that I received was that the people, the residents of Ermelo were troubled by the Black Cats gang and Chris Ngwenya was one of the leaders of the Black Cats. It was necessary for me to kill Chris. MR KEMP Were you instructed to kill him at any particular time or on any particular date? MR GUSHU The date was not specified but the instruction to kill him, was there. MR KEMP You were aware of the Goldstone Commission and the evidence that was given at the Goldstone Commission at that time, is that correct? MR GUSHU Yes. MR KEMP You were also aware of the allegations contained in the Weekly Mail and the fact that those allegations were being investigated by the Goldstone Commission, is that correct? MR GUSHU That is correct. MR KEMP And you were aware of the fact that Chris Ngwenya was going to testify at the Goldstone Commission, is that correct? MR GUSHU No, I didn't know that. MR KEMP What I am trying to establish Mr Gushu is, if there was no specific time for him to be killed, but merely instruction that he should be removed, why it was necessary to shoot at him while he was in the company of innocent people? Can you please explain that again? MR GUSHU As I have already explained initially, Chris Ngwenya was one of the leaders of the Black Cats. He is one of the people who were in the forefront of the killing of the people of the ANC, the members of the Communist Party and the UDF, the Civic Associations and ANC Youth League. MR KEMP Apparently you did not understand my question Mr Gushu, what I would like to know is why was it necessary to shoot Chris Ngwenya at a time when he was in the company of innocent people? CHAIRPERSON In other words Mr Gushu, why didn't you wait for an opportunity where you could safely shoot at him without risking injuring anybody else? MR GUSHU As I said yesterday, the Black Cat gang used to, most of the times were in town, it was very difficult to get hold of them in those times. Therefore the only chance that I had, the one that I used. MR KEMP Are you trying to tell us that you thought you wouldn't get another chance? MR GUSHU I wouldn't get another chance because I was also working at Piet Retief, Ermelo and Davel. MR KEMP So the fact that you had to travel and to come from other places, to you, was more important than the life of innocent people, is that correct? MR GUSHU It is more like the importance of the lives of the members of the African National Congress. I wouldn't allow him to stay alive and keep on killing the members of the ANC. MR KEMP You were armed with a Makaroff pistol on that night when Chris Ngwenya was killed, is that correct? MR GUSHU Yes, that is correct. MR KEMP And nothing would have prevented you from approaching him and shooting him with the pistol, is that correct? MR GUSHU Chris was a trained person, I wouldn't tell the girls to move away so that I can get a chance to kill Chris. MR KEMP Do I understand you correctly that you were scared to approach him, to shoot him directly with a pistol? MR GUSHU Yes, because he was a soldier. MR KEMP Was he armed on that night? MR GUSHU I won't say so because I didn't search him, I didn't touch him. MR KEMP The weapon you bought with the money which you got from the Msibi incident, you told the Committee yesterday you bought a firearm, is that correct? MR GUSHU Yes, that is correct. MR KEMP What kind of firearm was it? MR GUSHU It was a 9 mm firearm. MR KEMP And you mentioned yesterday that you bought it from some people. I would like to have more particulars, where were these people, how did you approach them? MR GUSHU It is people from the township. I won't be able to say exactly who were those people. MR KEMP You didn't know them? MR GUSHU No, I didn't know them, but I knew that they were selling the firearms. CHAIRPERSON How did you know to go to that particular place or person and approach them in order to purchase the firearm, if you didn't know them? MR GUSHU I was in the company of Hlaza. He was the resident of Piet Retief and he knew the people of Piet Retief. MR KEMP So Hlaza would be able to tell us who these people were? MR GUSHU No, Hlaza passed away after I was arrested. MR KEMP What happened to this weapon after you bought it? MR BLACK Mr Chairman, sorry, I don't want to be too disruptive, but I understand that, I was given to understand that Mr Kemp represents the police. I am not quite sure what the purpose, this weapon was purchased and this - I am referring to the Msibi, Piet Retief issue, how relevant that is in so far as his mandate is concerned. CHAIRPERSON I will allow it. MR KEMP Do I have to repeat the question? MR GUSHU Yes. MR KEMP What happened to this weapon after you had purchased it? MR GUSHU I took it with to Ermelo. CHAIRPERSON What we want to know is what eventually happened to it? Did you give it away to somebody or did you arm somebody else or did you keep it for yourself or was it taken by the police when you were arrested or what is the position? MR GUSHU As I had the permission to train the Self Defence Units, I thought that it was important for me to give it to some of the members of the Self Defence Units that I trained. CHAIRPERSON Did you do that, did you give it to one of the members? MR GUSHU Yes, I did so. MR KEMP To whom did you give it? MR GUSHU It was Bongani Khaba. MR KEMP Is that Bongani Khaba? MR GUSHU Yes. MR KEMP You mentioned in your evidence yesterday that some weapons were given to members of the Black Cats, by members of the South African Police. Is that correct? MR GUSHU Yes, that is so. MR KEMP Did you ever see this happen? MR GUSHU I didn't see it happening, but Bongani who was one of the Black Cat members, told me so. MR KEMP So, you only know about what people told you and what you read in the Weekly Mail, is that correct? MR GUSHU That is so. MR KEMP I have no further questions. NO FURTHER QUESTIONS BY MR KEMP . CROSS-EXAMINATION BY MS VAN DER WALT Mr Gushu, yesterday if you will recall, much time was given because there were a number of problems with your statement which was not undersigned, do you remember? MR GUSHU (No translation) MS VAN DER WALT Before the time it was also read out to you and you confirmed it, is that correct? MR GUSHU (No translation) INTERPRETER Could the speaker please repeat himself? CHAIRPERSON Mr Gushu, would you repeat your answer please? MR GUSHU I have a problem with my earphones, I cannot hear the Interpreter properly. I am struggling. Please repeat the question. MS VAN DER WALT Your testimony or your statement was read to you and you confirmed it, is that correct? MR GUSHU Which one are you referring to? MS VAN DER WALT The statement which has been placed before the Committee. MR GUSHU All of it, it is true. Yes, it is true. MS VAN DER WALT Do you again confirm that everything contained within the statements within Volume 1, which has been placed before the Committee is the truth? You confirmed that yesterday as well? MR GUSHU Even now, I am still maintaining that position. MS VAN DER WALT You said yesterday after your statements had been sworn in that what is contained within that, you wrote yourself, do you remember saying that? MR GUSHU That is so. MS VAN DER WALT Very well, and I would remind you that there was an initial first statement which did not appear before the Committee which came to light yesterday. Do you remember that? MR GUSHU Yes, I remember. MS VAN DER WALT Are you aware of that statement and are the contents of that statement, the truth? MR GUSHU At the moment I haven't seen that statement, therefore I cannot confirm. MS VAN DER WALT Would you like to study the statement? MR GUSHU Yes, I would love to read that statement although it will be difficult for me to read English because I am not an Englishman. MS VAN DER WALT Chairperson, yesterday with regard to one of the Honourable Committee member's questions, and I am not interested in the aspects which have not been served to the Committee, the statement consists of seven pages and the last page which I have removed, has to do with that aspect which has not been served to the Committee and I therefore beg leave that I provide this to the witness to read, but I can't understand what you say sir, because you said that you can't read English, however yesterday you were referred to your statements, and you followed it, how was that possible? MR GUSHU My problem is this, I can write but English is not my home language therefore it will be difficult for me, this is why I asked to testify in Xhosa. MS VAN DER WALT Would you like the opportunity for the Interpreter to study that statement with you so that you can determine whether or not that is the first statement that you made to your Attorneys and the same statement that you sent in along with your amnesty application? MR GUSHU I would like to do so if possible. MS VAN DER WALT Mr Chairperson, might we have a few moments for him to study his statement? CHAIRPERSON Mr Black, was that statement not dealt with with your client? MR BLACK This statement, I presume she is referring to the first statement. CHAIRPERSON I heard both statements. MR BLACK I haven't gone through this first statement with him, with the client, in detail. CHAIRPERSON Why not? We all knew that that is going to become a focal issue yesterday, not so? I was called upon to make a ruling to what extent that statement could be used. We are going to delay further now because of that. Mr Gushu, when you go through this statement that you say you haven't seen, with the assistance of the Interpreter, I want you to be quite clear as to the contents and not to just willy nilly agree to the contents. If there is something you disagree with or you don't understand, make a note and then when you come back, you point it out to her, point it out to us. Check if whether what is recorded in that document is in fact what you told your Attorney. Do you understand? MR GUSHU Yes, I understand. CHAIRPERSON This is the purpose of us giving you the opportunity now to read and check this document because you are going to be cross-examined on the contents thereof. And the contents of that statement is possibly going to be compared to the statement you signed, so you must be very careful about whether the contents of that statement that you didn't sign, that you are going to read now, is one that you actually made. Do you understand? MR GUSHU Yes, I understand. CHAIRPERSON We will adjourn until ten o'clock. COMMITTEE ADJOURNS MZWANDILE GUSHU (still under oath) CHAIRPERSON Have you had an opportunity to read or have it interpreted to you, the statement that we were talking about? MR GUSHU Yes, that is correct. CHAIRPERSON Did you understand the statement? MR GUSHU Yes, I understood the statement. CHAIRPERSON Is it a statement that you made in full or in part? MR GUSHU Yes, most of it, but as I was talking to the person verbally and the person was writing down for me. I think there were some mistakes. INTERPRETER The applicant said that the Attorney added some things so that the statement could be well understood. CHAIRPERSON Do I understand you correctly then that the contents of that statement is not totally accurate? MR GUSHU Most of it I said to the person who was transcribing for me. CHAIRPERSON Are you able to point out the aspects which are incorrect? I am not asking you to point them out, I am asking you if you are able to do so? MR GUSHU Yes, I would be able to. CHAIRPERSON But generally you are telling us that it is a statement that you made, albeit unsigned? MR GUSHU Yes, that is correct. CHAIRPERSON Now, if there are issues or aspects of that statement that are incorrect, and you are questioned about it, will you please point those aspects out, when and if the time arises? Do you understand? MR GUSHU Yes, I understand. CHAIRPERSON Yes, ... MR BLACK Mr Chairman, may I, I have only one copy given to me which I placed before the applicant, but I would request another copy if possible. CHAIRPERSON Have you not got a copy? MR BLACK No, this is the only copy that was handed to me, the applicant had not been given a copy. This is a copy which I... CHAIRPERSON I was only asking whether you made any effort to get it yesterday, it appears not? Are there copies available. MS VAN DER WALT I have copies for the Committee. Unfortunately I do not have a copy for him, I've got a copy for the Committee that I would like to submit. CHAIRPERSON I think it has been sorted out by Mr Patel, he is playing Father Christmas. MR BLACK There is no copy for the applicant either, and this is not the same statement. CHAIRPERSON Mr Gushu, have you got a copy of that statement, that was pointed out to you? MR GUSHU Yes, I have. CHAIRPERSON Mr Black, do you have a copy? MR BLACK Thank you Mr Chairman. MS VAN DER WALT Thank you Mr Chairperson, I then ask for permission to submit the copies, the last page has been removed. I am not sure if Exhibits have been admitted, if it can be submitted as Exhibit A with your permission. CHAIRPERSON Yes, this will be marked Exhibit A. MS VAN DER WALT Thank you Mr Chairperson. You have now had the opportunity to with your Attorney and co-applicants go through this statement and you have now also mentioned to the Committee that you will be able to indicate where the mistakes are, is that correct? MR GUSHU Correct. MS VAN DER WALT I think it is very important sir, that you must exactly tell us because I would like to refer you to Volume 1, page 36 that is the statement that appears in the volume, paragraph 13. Have you got it in front of you? MR GUSHU Yes. MS VAN DER WALT You mention there under the Piet Retief operations, I received direct instructions from the ANC command to kill Alfius Msibi. MR GUSHU That is correct. MS VAN DER WALT Could you tell the Honourable Committee, that command structure - can you tell us from where you received this command because it is very clear that you are talking about a command structure? INTERPRETER Could the speaker please repeat himself? CHAIRPERSON Could you just repeat that answer please? MR GUSHU Stulu Hlaza was the Commander or the Chairperson of the Youth League, ANC Youth League in Piet Retief and was the Commander of the Self Defence Unit as well. I received an instruction from him. MS VAN DER WALT So you receive an instruction from a Youth League of the ANC to kill someone? MR GUSHU Correct. I received an instruction from the Chairperson of the ANC Youth League, not from the Youth League itself, but from the Chairperson of the Youth League. MS VAN DER WALT The Chairperson, Mr Hlaza? MR GUSHU That is correct. MS VAN DER WALT And from whom would he then have received his instructions? MR GUSHU I cannot hear, there is no interpretation coming through from my earphones. Please repeat your question, I can hear now. MS VAN DER WALT From whom did Mr Hlaza receive his instructions? MR GUSHU I was merely a soldier, I do not know any politics. MS VAN DER WALT No sir, but I am now going on what you say in your statement in Volume 1. MR GUSHU Yes. MS VAN DER WALT You make allegations in the statement, you discuss it in full, more than what you do in Exhibit A and that is why I would now like to find out from you how the structures of the ANC worked in Piet Retief and what the command structure was and how the commands came to you as a soldier? MR GUSHU I received my instructions from Commander Hlaza as a soldier. I don't know who he spoke with to reach these conclusions. At the time we lived under apartheid. It was difficult to divulge all even to a soldier, it was dangerous because you could not trust everybody. It was difficult for Mr Hlaza to tell me where he got the authority to give me such a command. CHAIRPERSON Answer this question, was the Chairman of the ANC Youth League in that area, entitled to give you a command? MR GUSHU Yes. CHAIRPERSON Was he in his capacity as Chairperson of the ANC Youth League, part of the command structure? MR GUSHU As I have already said Mr Chairperson, I am not a politician, I am a soldier. I received orders. CHAIRPERSON But that is exactly what we are trying to find out. Who was entitled to give you an order and to whose orders were you duty bound to react? MR GUSHU Hlaza, as he was the Chairperson of the ANC Youth League and also a Commander of the Self Defence Units in Piet Retief, I expected such orders from him as the Commander. CHAIRPERSON So he was part of the command structure? MR GUSHU Yes, according to my knowledge. CHAIRPERSON So he could either give you an order by his own authority or he could communicate an order from some structure, ranked above him? Is that so? MR GUSHU I am sure it is so sir. MS VAN DER WALT You do not even know that, because you cannot tell this Committee how this command structure worked. You say that you received your instruction from the Chairperson of the ANC Youth League and furthermore you don't know anything else that happened above in the command structure, is that correct? MR GUSHU I was a soldier, I am a soldier. When I am given an order, I obey it accordingly. I don't have to look into what the politicians decide, who they speak to or whatever. MS VAN DER WALT Sir, but then I do not understand your evidence at all. When Mr Kemp questioned you, or I beg your pardon, Mr Patel questioned you, then you said with regards to Mr Mkhwanazi, his client, then you said you could act on your own initiative and only later, tell your Commander. A soldier does not act in that way? CHAIRPERSON In what way? MS VAN DER WALT To act on own initiative, to do as he wishes and then only later go and report back? MS VAN DER WALT Very clearly with regards to his answer now, that he acted like a soldier. He only received a command from Hlaza and that is how a soldier acts, and on the other hand he said that he could act on his own initiative? CHAIRPERSON So what is the problem there? MS VAN DER WALT I would put my problem to him. I would like to put it to you that you and Hlaza did not act under any command of the ANC. You were only two ordinary criminals who robbed. MR GUSHU I dispute that. Hlaza was the Chairperson of the ANC Youth League, he was known generally around Piet Retief. I dispute what you are saying, we were not common criminals, I was obeying orders that as a soldier, I was meant to obey. MS VAN DER WALT You have just said that it was still apartheid and that you suffered a lot, but according to the ANC themselves the armed struggle was suspended in 1990? MR GUSHU That is true that the suspension of the armed struggle was already implemented, however, the National Party and the third force continued to kill people, even the Black Cats and ascaris as well. During the times of negotiations the National Party wanted to make sure that the negotiations failed, so that the ANC could not undergo the elections, so that we have a government of the National Unity today. MS VAN DER WALT I still refer you to paragraph 13 of page 36, where you say that during that period, Mr Msibi was an active member of the IFP and the quote is then as follows: "... and was the puppet Mayor of Tandu Ukanya." Do you see that? MR GUSHU Please explain your question. MS VAN DER WALT I would like to know what do you mean with puppet Mayor? MR GUSHU A person worked for the National Party, especially in a political sense like a Mayor, it was the Mayor who made sure that certain people were oppressed and intimidated in the township, paying for water and electricity, meanwhile we hardly got any water and electricity. He worked for the National Party, taking money from the people so that they buy arms and uniforms for the people, the same people that were going to kill ANC members. This is why I was saying he was a puppet Mayor. MS VAN DER WALT When did you for the first time arrive in Piet Retief? MR GUSHU It as just two weeks, but I moved from Piet Retief, Ermelo, Secunda and Davel. MS VAN DER WALT When did you arrive for the first time in Piet Retief? MR GUSHU I would not be able to remember because this happened a long time ago. MS VAN DER WALT Mr Msibi was killed or shot on the 12th of December, concerning that date, when did you arrive in Piet Retief? MR GUSHU It means that I arrived before that. MS VAN DER WALT How long before that date? MR GUSHU About two weeks. MS VAN DER WALT When did you leave? MR GUSHU After I had shot Msibi. MS VAN DER WALT So you were in Piet Retief for two weeks, so you do not know at all what was going on in Piet Retief, what was going on in the Town Council, is that correct? MR GUSHU As Hlaza was there as the Chairperson of the Youth League, I could not dispute what he had said to me, to go out and look for more detail as to what was happening in Piet Retief, I was just doing my job. MS VAN DER WALT And then in paragraph 14, you further say that Mr Msibi - that he trained the Makusi para-military trainees. You do not carry any knowledge of that, it is just something that someone said or told you? MR GUSHU As I have already said, I received most information from Keswa, that they were trained at Makusi Camp from Ali, therefore it meant that Ali was training these people at Makusi Camp, the Inkatha people. MS VAN DER WALT So you acted just on the word, or on what Hlaza said to you? Did you say Keswa or Hlaza? MR GUSHU Hlaza. MS VAN DER WALT So you just acted on what he told you? MR GUSHU Correct, as my Commander. MR BLACK May I interrupt there, I don't want to - I think it must be a misunderstanding between my learned friend and Mr Gushu. Mr Gushu as I understand his evidence, he acted under the command of Hlaza, but when he did - Mr Gushu did mention Keswa and in that, he said he received information relating to para-military training of trainees from Keswa. If that could just be ... MS VAN DER WALT You heard from Mr Keswa regarding the training of the people by Mr Msibi? INTERPRETER Could the speaker please repeat the question, it was not interpreted properly. MS VAN DER WALT You say that Keswa gave you the information that Mr Msibi is training people? MR GUSHU Yes, that is what he told me when we were both already arrested, we were both in jail. That is what he told me. MS VAN DER WALT So sir, when you went to go and shot Mr Msibi, you did not even have knowledge of the fact that he trained people? MR GUSHU When I went to shoot, I knew that he was intimidating and oppressing people. Also that he kept Askari members and Black Chain members in his house. I knew that. However, the certainty I received from Keswa and Mdumzimi who worked directly with Mr Msibi. MS VAN DER WALT What Askari members did he give shelter to? INTERPRETER The Interpreter thinks the witness is on the wrong channel. CHAIRPERSON Mr Gushu, what number is on this thing there? MS VAN DER WALT Which ascaris did he give shelter to? MR GUSHU Those were the people who were killing the members of ANC in the Mpumalanga region. MS VAN DER WALT What ascaris did he give shelter to? CHAIRPERSON In other words, did you know the identities of these ascaris or did you just rely on information from other sources that he had ascaris there? MR GUSHU Yes, I solely depended on information that I used to get Mr Chairperson. ADV SANDI I am sorry, Mr Gushu, is it not correct to say that for many of these things, all these kinds of information you had, you had no personal knowledge of all this, these were things that were conveyed to you by other people, your colleagues from the ANC, not so? MR GUSHU Yes, that is correct. MS VAN DER WALT I am still at paragraph 14. You say members of the ANC/COSATU/SAP - I presume it should be SACP - and various organisations allying to the ANC, were being killed in large numbers. Is that correct? MR GUSHU Yes, I did say so. MS VAN DER WALT For example comrade Hlaza was killed on the instructions of Msibi and the police did absolutely nothing in following up his murder, is that correct? MR GUSHU According to the information I got from Keswa about the actions, the police clearly knew about Stulu Hlaza's death because the police worked with these people, gave them the authority to kill ANC people. They would not sentence them accordingly, because these people were supporting the National Party anyway. MS VAN DER WALT I would like to put it to you sir, that if you look at paragraph 14, is it very clear and that is what you presented to the Committee in the beginning and what you are saying in this paragraph that Hlaza was killed by Mr Msibi, you further go and say prominent ANC members and supporters such as Joseph Tebete and Andries Kumedi the present Mayor of Piet Retief were wounded as a consequence of assaults carried out upon them under the direct instructions of Msibi. Is that correct what you are saying there? MR GUSHU Yes, that is correct. The way Keswa and Msibi spoke, it is according to how they spoke. MR BLACK Mr Chairman, I am sorry to interrupt. The Committee will recall when I was leading evidence in this respect, I attempted and I anticipated what we are now experiencing, to put before the Committee that what is contained in there is effectively hearsay. You will recall Mr Chairman, I was told not to proceed or - it wasn't a ruling, but I was attempting to and I left it. CHAIRPERSON In any case, he said himself that he relied on all this information. ADV SANDI Sorry Adv van der Walt, Mr Black, are you not trying to say that perhaps it might not serve a very useful purpose to cross-examine this witness on things which he has no personal knowledge of, that he does not claim to have personal knowledge of those things anyway? Isn't that the point you are trying to make? MR BLACK That is sir, because if I had been allowed to elaborate, what is happening, what is included, it wasn't intended to mislead the Committee that he has personal knowledge of this, this information is there and which we received, as confirmation of the information which he had earlier received from Hlaza and these are examples as to reinforce that. ADV SANDI A lot, as I understand it, a lot of this was part of the briefing that was conveyed to him and he believed it and he acted on it? MR BLACK Not at the time, to make it very clear. This is the information, this specifics in 14 were actually conveyed to him by Keswa which confirmed the original instructions which - under which he acted. MS VAN DER WALT Sir, I am still with the same paragraph and I would just like to ask if what is said there, is that the truth? If we can go back to Kumedi and Tebete, where they injured under the instructions of Mr Msibi as well as assaulted, is that correct? CHAIRPERSON Well, let's put it - carry on, carry on. MR GUSHU According to my knowledge, that is so. MS VAN DER WALT I would like to continue, the liberation movement was unable to operate constructively and freely within the Piet Retief area as a result of the combination of forces consisting of para-military trained members of the IFP and the South African Police who ensured that Msibi and his allies were supplied with various weapons and arms. Is that correct as it is put there? MR GUSHU Yes, that is correct. As I have already said, this was from Msibi and Keswa's mouths, they said this. MS VAN DER WALT You then continue to say Msibi housed the Black Cats, the members of the South African Police who actively assisted in arming and assisting IFP and Black Cat members in Piet Retief, where Warrant Officer Pienaar and Sergeant Mkhwanazi. Knowing what the Black Cats have done in Ermelo and Davel, we did not want to see innocent people dying. Is that correct sir? MR GUSHU Yes, that is correct. As I have said the information that Pienaar was working together with Mkhwanazi and they were training people at the Camp and ascaris as well. As I have said I got this information from Keswa. MS VAN DER WALT I received instructions from the ANC command in the area to monitor Msibi and his allies. My further instructions were to proceed to Piet Retief area and establish Self Defence Units and to train them in self defence. Is that correct? MR GUSHU Yes, exactly. MS VAN DER WALT In the next paragraph sir, paragraph 15, you continue to say my instructions were to eliminate Msibi and disarm him. Is that correct? MR GUSHU Yes, that is correct. MS VAN DER WALT Let me put it to you this way, your evidence was or your statement rather was read to you yesterday by your Advocate, paragraph by paragraph and you confirmed that, this same statement, is that correct? MR GUSHU Yes, that is correct. MS VAN DER WALT Very well. Before we got to paragraph 13, or the first statement Exhibit A came to light and then you experienced problems and then instructions were given that Mr Msibi must be represented and then when your evidence was led with regards to the incident regarding Mr Msibi, these paragraphs were not read to you. You gave oral evidence concerning that incident, is that correct? MR GUSHU Something was read here yesterday concerning Piet Retief, but I don't remember whether the whole statement was read. MS VAN DER WALT You gave evidence, you sat there and told the story about what happened yesterday afternoon late. Is that correct? MR GUSHU Yes, in the way that I prepared to go and kill Msibi. MS VAN DER WALT If you would have continued in the way in which this statement was placed before the Committee as with the other paragraphs, then it came out very clearly out of paragraph 14, that Hlaza was killed and that Tebete and Kumedi were assaulted and because of that, and the fact that the ANC cannot operate there as they wished, you got instructions to monitor Msibi and to kill him. MR BLACK I honestly don't quite follow what is happening here. First of all I must come to I think Mr Gushu might be more confused than I am, but I dispute the fact, when we got to the convictions and the specific incidents, it was not read paragraph by paragraph, as suggested by my learned friend, and certainly there were many occasions in which Mr Gushu would - went off and spoke entirely on his own. I don't want to waste time, because the record would speak for itself. As far as Piet Retief is concerned, by that stage I had received so many objections particularly from my learned friend when it came to an attempt to lead or speed things up about Piet Retief, that I had in response to her objections about this incident of Msibi, I more or less said okay,, you say it in your own words. So there was no other motive and I don't know what my learned friend is trying to suggest. Also there was the method of leading the witness, you will recall Mr Chair, the statement had by that stage been signed and in order to speed it up, I made a general confirmatory, he made a general confirmation of the contents of the statement. I don't know what, where we are going, if there is any suggestion that there was a sinister motive in allowing the witness to give evidence in the manner in which it was not being led, then I fail to see what the objection is. MS VAN DER WALT I do not think Mr Black understands what I am putting to the applicant. I will orally indicate it to him in his statement, but I would firstly like to say in your statement as it is contained in page 36, paragraph 14, you misled this Committee, because there out of that, if you read it, you realise, or read it independently, it seems as if Mr Hlaza was killed and that Mr Tebete, Andries Kumedi was assaulted and as a result of that, you received the instruction to go and monitor Mr Msibi. CHAIRPERSON Ms Van der Walt, could you tell me is that the only conclusion that can be made from this? MS VAN DER WALT With respect Mr Chairperson, I would then also look at Exhibit A where it is described in exactly the same way and if it is read independently from what was said or what his oral evidence was, it clearly seems as if Mr Hlaza was shot - without reading anything extra, and after that ... CHAIRPERSON The way I understand you, the witness could not have received an instruction to kill Mr Msibi from Mr Hlaza because he was already dead? MS VAN DER WALT No, that is not what I am saying. I am saying he coloured in his amnesty application and worsened it to draw or sketch a picture before this Committee, which is not correct, but I would like to show him that his oral evidence is contradictory to what appears in his written application. I am saying that he is colouring it in. Thank you. MR BLACK Sorry, before you go. Mr Chairman, may I once again just - I tried to make it clear yesterday and I think Mr Gushu has also made it clear that if we are going to spend time on semantics here, it is quite clear the purpose of this evidence and even if you compare it with Annexure A, the contents of paragraph 14, was simply referring to incidents about which he was told after the incident of Msibi, namely and served as confirmation of what he was told of Mr Msibi's actions prior to it. At the end of the day he was just carrying out orders from an order of the Commander and it is not his (indistinct) CHAIRPERSON Mr Black, I think we all heard you the first time. MS VAN DER WALT Thank you Mr Chairperson. I refer you to Exhibit A, page 6, the second paragraph. I am going to read the whole paragraph to you, it is the loose page Mr Gushu. CHAIRPERSON Page 6? MS VAN DER WALT Page 6 of Exhibit A, he still does not have it. Page 6, the second paragraph. As a Mayor he recruited the Makusi trainees to come and harass whoever was not a member of the IFP. They were killing members of the ANC, COSATU, SACP and Civic Organisations allying to the ANC in large numbers. Example, you must listen carefully, comrade Stulu Hlaza was killed on the instructions of Mr Msibi and the police did nothing. The same applied to Joshua Tebete and Andries Kumedi. The liberation movements could not operate in Piet Retief and I was instructed to monitor Msibi and those who were very close to him and to kill them if the need arises. I went there and established Self Defence Units and trained them in self defence. Do you understand, it doesn't really matter what Mr Black says. Once again it appears exactly as in Volume 1, and it says that Mr Hlaza was killed after which you went to Piet Retief in order to establish Self Defence Units. And you continue with the next one ... CHAIRPERSON Then I am slightly confused. Then the issue should be that Hlaza was not alive to give that order, is that correct? If I understand your question correctly, an attempt was made to kill Mr Msibi almost as a consequence of what he had done in relation to Mr Hlaza's death? MS VAN DER WALT That is how it appears here, yes. Then I would like to say to you further, if one looks at Exhibit A as well as Volume 1, page 37, nowhere in any paragraph is there an indication by you that Hlaza was with you when you went to shoot Mr Msibi, once again it is further proof that you coloured your amnesty application so that you could be granted amnesty. MR GUSHU There is no such, I did not colour in anything. I wrote or said what I know. CHAIRPERSON Mr Gushu, when you went to shoot Mr Msibi like you say, was Mr Hlaza alive or dead? MR GUSHU Yes, Mr Chairperson, he was still alive. MS VAN DER WALT Why when you were with two different Attorneys and you made the second statement which is contained within Volume 1 and is much more expansive than Exhibit A, why didn't you tell the truth and say that Mr Hlaza was with me when I went to shoot Mr Msibi? You didn't say anything about that. MR GUSHU It must have been a mistake made by the Attorney, but all the time in my statement I mentioned that I was with Hlaza, because that is the truth, I was with Hlaza. MS VAN DER WALT Two Attorneys make the same mistake? CHAIRPERSON Are you surprised Madam? MS VAN DER WALT I will continue. I would like to point it out to you even further and this is still in relation to your evidence yesterday and if it was led like that consistently, it was placed before the Committee on page 37 and 36, without your amendment, because you have amended it with your oral evidence. I will continue, paragraph 16, page 37. You say, and this appears in the middle of the page, Mlangeni tried to run away, I shot him, he died immediately. Once again in attempting to shoot Msibi and I left him for dead. Listen carefully sir. I went into the bottle store business to see if there were any arms. Is that a fault which the Attorney made? MR GUSHU Yes, it is a mistake because I tried to say yesterday we got there and the shop was being closed. Msibi would say that as well. We got there and the shop was being closed. I shot Msibi whilst his car door was opened. I discovered as I was arrested that it was Themba Mlangeni who was closing the shop. If you are going to say I went inside the shop, which moment would I have gone inside, because I was shooting and I was outside? CHAIRPERSON Why does it state in your statement then that you went in? It is a statement that you signed, it is a statement that was gone through with you, with your representative I assume, why then didn't you correct it then? MR GUSHU Mr Chairperson, it is only now that I see this mistake. When we were inside there with my Attorney to look at the statement closely. CHAIRPERSON Before you signed it? You must remember we had a big sing song about the signature and we adjourned in order for you to sign it. We took long enough for you to acquaint yourself with the contents and then sign it. Are you going to tell me now that you did not acquaint yourself with the contents of this and nonetheless signed it? MR GUSHU Mr Chairperson, yesterday I signed in a hurry. I could not read each and every detail in the time that I was given. CHAIRPERSON: So this statement wasn't - you didn't go through the statement with your representative before you signed it? MR GUSHU No, not yesterday. I did not read this, but as this was written by me, and it is typed, I am not well educated, there would perhaps be mistakes in the statement that I had written and given to my Attorneys so that they sort it out for me. This is why I did not see this mistake timeously. CHAIRPERSON Mr Gushu, don't misunderstand me. I am not going to hold anything against you for the mistakes that you make or that you have made. All I want to know and you have answered the question, all I wanted to know is whether this statement was properly examined with you before you were asked to sign it, and you have already told us no. Don't feel guilty about it, I appreciate your position in respect of it. MS VAN DER WALT Mr Chairperson, I would just like to take this further. You are trying to hide behind the fact that you can't read English very precisely or understand it very precisely, however, yesterday after the statement was signed and you were asked by the Chairperson, whether or not you understood it, you were so self assured, that it actually came up to me and I made a note of it, you said that what appears here is correct because I wrote it myself. This morning, this was my first question to you, because I knew that you would come back and once again you confirmed that what appeared here, is correct. Do you remember that? MR GUSHU Yes, I remember that. MS VAN DER WALT Then I would like to take this further. As you would like to present Mr Kumedi and Hlaza and Tebete, in the same way in order to qualify for amnesty, you said in this paragraph that you entered the bottle store because you were looking for weapons. MR GUSHU I did say that I shot Msibi, as I shot Msibi I also shot Mlangeni. He was closing the store, I would not have a chance to go into the store because after you shoot, the police are sure going to appear. It would have been difficult to shoot and then still go inside and search the store. Yes, I was meant to look for weapons had I got the chance, but in those circumstances it would have been difficult. MS VAN DER WALT You see sir, this aspect of paragraph 14, page 37, and your oral evidence would never have been amended if Exhibit A had not come to light yesterday, because then you had problems, because then you saw on page 6, the last paragraph, of Exhibit A appears the incident which you have described. It is the very last line, I went for Msibi again, I shot him and when I thought he was dead, I took the till money and fled. You see, there you picked up problems because you didn't go into the liquor store? ADV SANDI Sorry Mrs Van der Walt, you will have to help me if my memory is failing me. Did he not only get Exhibit A this morning? How could that have happened? MS VAN DER WALT He said that was appears in that is correct, and if anything was incorrect that he would point it out to me. That is what I asked him. CHAIRPERSON No, but the point is - you put it to him that he made an amendment, it doesn't matter how he made that amendment, when he saw Exhibit A. And what my colleague is saying to you is that the contents thereof, only came to his attention this morning? MS VAN DER WALT Well, then I am not entirely sure of this, because his Advocate had it before he testified. CHAIRPERSON We have also experienced similar problems, but that was his evidence. ADV SANDI Perhaps we can find out from him when he got hold of this. Mr Gushu, when did you get this Annexure A? MR GUSHU I got it when I was asked if I know about this, and then I requested a moment to look at it. I got it this morning. MS VAN DER WALT Sir, when you began to give evidence yesterday, you testified that you and Mr Hlaza went to Mr Msibi's liquor store, is that correct? MR GUSHU Yes, that is correct. MS VAN DER WALT You also testified that when Mr Msibi was shot, Hlaza went to fetch the money and you left? MR GUSHU I said I shot Hlaza, I shot Msibi, I was with Hlaza. I then said to Hlaza he must go and get the till. MS VAN DER WALT When you testified, didn't your Advocate tell you hold on a minute, I have a problem here, were you in the liquor store or not and your Advocate was already in possession of Exhibit A. Didn't he tell you, listen you are going to pick up problems under cross-examination because in Exhibit A, it says that you took the money? MR GUSHU My problem is that my Attorney was not there when I shot Msibi. I am the one who knows what happened. CHAIRPERSON Ms Van der Walt, I think that it is very clear that neither of the statements was studied with the witness as it should have been studied. I don't think that we can actually put the blame on him for this. Is this a convenient time for you to adjourn? COMMITTEE ADJOURNS MZWANDILE GUSHU (s.u.o) CROSS-EXAMINATION BY MS VAN DER WALT (cont) Sir this error which you have indicated in paragraph 16, I went into the bottle store business to see if there were any arms. Who made that error? MR GUSHU It must have been a mistake made whilst I was talking to the Attorney, because the statement was made when I was speaking to the Attorney, and the Attorney was writing down for me. MS VAN DER WALT Which Attorney is this? MR GUSHU Modise Mohammed's assistant. MS VAN DER WALT What is the name of the assistant? MR GUSHU I know his surname, Modise. I don't know his first name. MS VAN DER WALT So therefore it was not a white person, it was a person who could speak your own language, whether it be Xhosa or Zulu? MR GUSHU It was a black person. I am Xhosa, the person is Zulu, it is not the same thing. Perhaps there was a slight misunderstanding in that sense. ADV SANDI Let's get some clarity on this. Mr Gushu, you say this person was Zulu speaking, what do you mean? Do you mean he was addressing you in Zulu? MR GUSHU That is so, he was addressing me in Zulu because he is from Gauteng Province. I am a Xhosa speaking person, I am not fluent in Zulu. MS VAN DER WALT You don't have a problem with Zulu, because you spoke Zulu yesterday, some members of the audience were saying he is speaking Zulu? MR GUSHU I am Xhosa, I speak Xhosa. MS VAN DER WALT I would like to know from you exactly what the order was which Hlaza gave to you with regard to Mr Msibi? MR GUSHU The instruction was that I should kill Msibi. MS VAN DER WALT Is that all? MR GUSHU Yes, also that I should form Self Defence Units in Piet Retief. MS VAN DER WALT Is that all? MR GUSHU According to my knowledge, yes. MS VAN DER WALT Are you certain? MR GUSHU I am certain. MS VAN DER WALT Very well. I want to take you to paragraph 15 on page 37. Do you have that? MR GUSHU Yes. MS VAN DER WALT My instructions were to eliminate Msibi and disarm him as he was in possession of and had access to a source of arms and ammunition. What do you say about that? MR GUSHU When I went to kill Msibi, that is one and the same thing. To be able to get arms as well. But the problem is that after I shot him, it would have been difficult to find out whether there were firearms in the store or in his car, because I had already shot. Because then the police were going to appear at any moment. MS VAN DER WALT Sir, I expressly asked you what your order was. You said that you had to go and kill Mr Msibi, that you had to establish Self Defence Units. I asked you whether that was all and then you said yes. I asked you whether or not you were certain and you answered that you were certain. You cannot tell this Honourable Committee now, that to kill somebody and to disarm somebody, would be one and the same thing? MR GUSHU Mr Chairperson, as Ali worked with the Boers and he was also a Mayor, a member of Inkatha, anything that would allow the Self Defence Unit to operate as smoothly as possible, I had to do. MS VAN DER WALT Why didn't you just say that when it is asked of you and once again put to you and once again an attempt has been made to achieve certainty regarding this, why didn't you just say that? MR GUSHU What did I not say? MS VAN DER WALT I asked you what your order was and you never said that you had to obtain weapons for the Self Defence Units of Hlaza. Hlaza never gave you that kind of instruction according to you? MR BLACK Mr Chairman, if we are going to carry on, he clearly said he had to establish a Self Defence Unit, my learned friend was here yesterday. The establishment of the Self Defence Unit has to function as a Self Defence Unit had to function. His answer is he had to do everything possible to ensure that the SDU's functioned. Now, we are going in circles with respect Mr Chairman, that is my objection. MS VAN DER WALT May I continue? Thank you. You see sir, that is also not what you have said in paragraph 15. You said that your instructions were to take the weapons of Mr Msibi, because he had a lot of weapons. Can you see that there? MR GUSHU Yes, I see it. To me, that is all the same thing. If I had killed Msibi and there were chances to do everything that I wanted to do, I would have done it. MS VAN DER WALT But that was not the order which you received from Mr Hlaza? MR GUSHU It was. MS VAN DER WALT But that is not what you have just said a few moments ago? MR GUSHU I was trying to explain the way I understand the struggle, I don't know whether according to your understanding of the struggle, I don't know how that works, but I was explaining how I perceived and understood the struggle. MS VAN DER WALT I am asking you once more, what was the order which you received from Mr Hlaza? MR GUSHU That I must kill Msibi and to train Self Defence Unit members. Therefore, if I trained Self Defence Units, it was my job to look for firearms. According to the information that I got that he had weapons and was assisted by the police. For the Self Defence Units to operate, I had to get firearms, it is part of the whole thing according to the amnesty application I am here about. MS VAN DER WALT Do you see sir, that you are placing the error which you indicated in paragraph 16, that you went into the liquor store to look for weapons, you are placing that error on the shoulders of your Attorney, but according to what you are saying now, and what appears in paragraph 15, that was your exact instruction to take the arms off Mr Msibi, but that is not what you are doing? MR GUSHU Mr Chairperson, I want you to be clear, I did all this. When I was writing the statement, I was writing the statement in Xhosa. My representative had to then translate and sort it out. There can be such mistakes. He was not Xhosa and I wrote my statement in Xhosa. MS VAN DER WALT Are you trying to say that what you said in paragraph 15, my instructions was to disarm him, that is Mr Msibi, are you saying that that could also have been a mistake? MR GUSHU That is not a mistake. I was meant to do that. That was the instruction. Having killed Msibi, I had to make sure that as a person who was training the Self Defence Units, I had to make sure that they had firearms. These were people who were attacking members of the African National Congress. MS VAN DER WALT That is not what your initial evidence was and also not on the second time when I asked you about the order. What I would like to know is whether Mr Hlaza told you that you had to go and kill Mr Msibi and take his weapons? MR GUSHU Yes, as I have said the instruction was that I should kill Msibi and that I must train a Self Defence Unit. I had to make sure that the Self Defence Unit operates as it should. As a soldier I saw this as part of the whole thing. CHAIRPERSON Did you try to take his arms? MR GUSHU Mr Chairperson, as I have said after I shot, I instructed Hlaza to take the till. The police were going to arrive within five minutes perhaps. It would have been difficult to search Msibi for a firearm. CHAIRPERSON Ms Van der Walt, I think the point has been made. MS VAN DER WALT So did you not carry out the order that Hlaza gave you, you decided on your own that you would simply just take the money that belonged to Msibi. That was not your order. It has been asked to you several times, and it has never emerged that you had to take money, you then committed an ordinary criminal robbery? ADV SANDI Yes, but Ms Van der Walt, without any intention to interrupt you, was it not his, was it not part of his evidence that as he understood these instructions, he also had a right to take initiatives, if to do so, would further the stated aims and objectives of that organisation? MS VAN DER WALT With respect, that was in relation to what Mr Patel asked. We are now discussing a completely different group, this is the Youth League, Mr Hlaza and it does not appear from his evidence that this was his order as well. CHAIRPERSON I think you are making a mistake Ms Van der Walt. His initial order in terms of his evidence, was to do certain things in the district of Secunda, Ermelo and Piet Retief. Those orders or that order also included manners in which he would have to take his own initiative in order to obtain firearms and other such forms of ammunition. We have also heard that this included robbery. Now he comes to Piet Retief and he says that he has received an order from a certain person to do a certain thing, but you could attempt to persuade me that if that was the case, then the order which he received in Piet Retief had nothing to do with the initial order which he received, and he shouldn't have thought about it when he went to Mr Msibi's shop. If it is not like that, then it makes sense to me that the one order could overlap with the other. MS VAN DER WALT If this applicant could place before the Honourable Committee, exactly how the command structure of the ANC functioned in order to end up with the Youth League, and where Mkhwanazi fits in as well as the other persons who gave him orders, then I would be able to agree with you, but I think that at the end of the day it could be argued that this was simply a splinter group of the ANC. It has been argued before that these groups did their own thing. I think it can be strongly argued that they did certain things which were not approved by the command structure of the ANC and for which there were no orders, and this is what he cannot tell you today. CHAIRPERSON I would just like to point out something. A man comes along and he says that he is a soldier. If there is no communication between those who gave the initial order and those who gave the specific order in Piet Retief, then the question exists, how did the people in Piet Retief know that they could go to the witness and give him orders? Do you understand my position? And I am simply pointing this out. I don't know whether he can describe to us the line of command, I don't know. MS VAN DER WALT I believe that Mr Hattingh would go into this regarding his cases. Perhaps then we would be able to determine this, but at this point, during my examination, he could not answer these questions, because he simply came back and said I was a soldier. That was the easiest answer which he could provide. Thank you. Very well sir, I would like to take you to the events as Mr Msibi's liquor store. You testified yesterday that Mr Hlaza went along, is that correct? MR GUSHU Yes, I said so. MS VAN DER WALT And did you and Mr Hlaza have any firearms? MR GUSHU Yes, we did. MS VAN DER WALT And you testified previously that in Ermelo, you were also with a person who had an AK47 when you shot Chris? MR GUSHU Yes, that is correct. MS VAN DER WALT Did you here in the Piet Retief area, have weapons at your disposal? MR GUSHU Yes, when I went there I had some weapons. MS VAN DER WALT And the other person also had weapons? MR GUSHU I gave him the firearms because I moved all around these areas with these firearms, that is why when I get money, I tried to buy firearms for the Self Defence Unit as to protect the community. MS VAN DER WALT And this was at the end of 1991 when Mr Msibi was shot? MR GUSHU Yes, if it is so I would agree, but I am not sure about the time. MS VAN DER WALT That was when the negotiation process was already under way? MR GUSHU Yes. MS VAN DER WALT And appeals were made to the ANC from the National Party to hand over their weapons and this was because there were quite a number of weapons in circulation. MR GUSHU I have no knowledge of such, that is your own knowledge. MS VAN DER WALT And throughout the history of the ANC it was very clear that weapons such as the AK47 were imported by the bagsful into the country, or don't you know anything about that? Do you know anything about the ANC's history? MR GUSHU As a soldier, I don't know the exact history. If I got an instruction ... INTERPRETER Could the speaker please repeat the answer? CHAIRPERSON Could you repeat your answer please? MR GUSHU If the ANC was bringing arms into the country illegally, I don't know out of it. I used DLB's, I would be told specifically where to get firearms. MS VAN DER WALT You have just testified that you and Mr Hlaza both went to Mr Msibi's house and that you were armed, and you also testified that you climbed into his vehicle and that he opened the door again, and that is when you shot, is that correct? MR GUSHU You have made a big mistake. I did not get into Msibi's car. I did not get into Msibi's car with Hlaza, that is a big mistake. We went passed Msibi's house and we saw that he was there, then we went further to the shop where I was going to kill him. MS VAN DER WALT And what happened then? MR GUSHU As I have said, when we were going up the road with Hlaza, close to Msibi's, there was a valley where you could see that there was a house being built. That is where we were when we could see that Msibi was preparing to close the shop. I was going towards the front of Msibi's car, that is when I shot. Msibi was in the front of his car and his door was open. I shot at him. I went to the passenger side so that I could see the person that was closing the shop because the other person ran away, I wanted to see if he was carrying a gun. That is when I shot. I then shot Msibi again as he went underneath the car and then instructed Hlaza to get the till. After that, we ran off. MS VAN DER WALT Could we just take it a little easier. You have just said that you saw that Mr Msibi was busy locking his shop, those were your words? CHAIRPERSON That is not what he said, somebody else was busy closing his shop. MS VAN DER WALT Can we just determine exactly. You said yesterday that somebody had placed books in the vehicle. MR GUSHU This is the man I was talking about who ran away. There were three people originally, Mlangeni and Msibi are the victims. I don't, I have not spoken much about the third person, because that person ran away. According to my knowledge, I did not shoot that person. MS VAN DER WALT Very well. But that wasn't very clear yesterday from your evidence, you didn't testify in the same way as what you are testifying today. Evidently you have studied your statements again. Let's take it step for step. You said that one person was placing those books in the vehicle. Where was Mr Msibi at that stage? MR GUSHU He was in the front of the car sitting, the driver's seat, his door was open. MS VAN DER WALT And at that stage, the other person was placing the books in the back of the vehicle? MR GUSHU Correct. That is when I got out from my place of hiding to go towards the car. That is when I also shot at Msibi and he made himself fall on the ground and he went underneath the car. When I was shooting, this man had a till and he was closing the doors. He had a hand underneath the till. As a soldier I thought that he had a gun and he was preparing to shoot me, that is why I shot at the person. I then went back to shoot Msibi to make sure that he was dead. I then instructed Hlaza to go and get the till, and after that we ran off. MS VAN DER WALT Sir, you are trying to hide behind the excuse that you don't always understand everything so well, but I think that you realised yesterday exactly what cross-examination is aimed at. In Exhibit A and in the statements in Volume 1 on page 36 and 37, and also not in your evidence yesterday, did you say that the person who came out of the shop with the till, had his hand underneath the till and that you thought that he was going to shoot you. Why didn't you say that with any of these opportunities, why only today? MR BLACK No, I must object to this. He definitely said so yesterday, most definitely. I must also object, my learned friend can speculate as much as she wants to ... CHAIRPERSON Can anybody else help us as to whether that was said or not? I hold an independent recollection on it. MR PATEL May it please the Committee. I recall that the witness had testified about that, the hand underneath the till, thought it was a gun and shot at him. As it pleases the Committee. MR PRINSLOO Mr Chairman, I had a special interest in this particular point of evidence, he definitely stated that he was afraid that he was going to be shot at. That he did say yesterday. I cannot recall at all that he mentioned a pistol or a hand underneath a till. It is possible that he might have said so, but I don't recall it, but he did say that he was afraid. MR HATTINGH To be honest sir, unfortunately I cannot recall. MR MAPOMA I have a brief note "He had a till in his hands, I thought he was armed. The till fell down" That is the note I have. MS VAN DER WALT Sir, you also did not mention yesterday that the third person ran away? MR GUSHU If it is so, then that was a mistake, but I am telling you what happened because I was there. ADV SANDI Sorry Mrs Van der Walt, I think he did mention something yesterday about someone running away from the scene, but I am not sure whether he said it was the second or the third person, because today he seems to be too specific about having a second and a third person on the scene. But does anything turn on the issue anyway? MS VAN DER WALT With respect yes, because I wanted to question him and I will refer you to the exact place in his statement, where he states that Themba ran away and that he then shot him. That is why he is prepared today and yesterday with his evidence, because if that was the case, his order was to shoot Mr Msibi, why would he then shoot an innocent person who was running away? Because then he could not receive amnesty for that case that wasn't part of his order, it wasn't a question of cross-fire, but I would like to tell you exactly what he said if you could just grant me a moment. On page 37, paragraph 16 - Mlangeni tried to run away and I shot him. He died immediately. Nothing about what he thought, but you must remember now, according to this statement the till wasn't outside. He first went into the shop to get it. CHAIRPERSON The fact that he shot Mr Mlangeni under certain circumstances, what has that got to do with the application for amnesty concerning Mr Msibi? MS VAN DER WALT Well, I would like to argue that it is one act that was - and he is asking for amnesty for both incidents. I do not think that you could separate them. Surely at the end of the day, I could address you concerning this act. I haven't got, or received any instructions from any of the next of king of Mr Mlangeni, and I would like to indicate his actions to you. But if I can then continue, I do not know if you are finished, thank you. You see sir, I would like to put it to you that you once again are trying to colour in your evidence to suit what was already put to you. I would like to continue, you also say and I would like to refer you to paragraph 16, page 37. You already said that you were not inside the liquor store to look for weapons. It was a mistake, is that correct? MR GUSHU Yes, that is correct. MS VAN DER WALT If you continue with this paragraph, it is also a mistake because it seems as if you did go into the shop and then you took the money from inside of the shop? MR GUSHU That is not so. I was outside, Msibi would say that, Msibi was there. MS VAN DER WALT I would like to put it to you again, I did not hear your answer I am sorry, then it is a mistake that you did not go into the shop to go and get the money as it appears in paragraph 16? MR GUSHU I tried to say and explain that when I got there, they were preparing to close the store. As I said there were people getting out of the store. Now Msibi had his car door open, the one person was putting books into the car. It was not the whole till, but the tray from the till with the money, that the person had. I did not go inside the store, everything happened outside the store. MS VAN DER WALT I will not repeat my question. Sir, you yesterday testified that Hlaza took the till drawer or tray and as you ran, the money fell out of this tray, is that correct? MR GUSHU Yes, that is correct. MS VAN DER WALT At the end of the day you only had R600-00 is that correct? MR GUSHU Correct. MS VAN DER WALT Why did you during your court proceedings and the Court also found that you received R1 000-00 or got R1 000-00? MR GUSHU You also say that that was from the court. All those Judges, the Prosecutors, the police were from the apartheid regime. They were absolutely against any member of the ANC. MS VAN DER WALT Sir, you gave evidence before a Magistrate and what you are telling this Committee now is that you went and shot Mr Msibi and that you took money and that it was R1 000-00? MR GUSHU At that time, I was from the hospital. I had been very tortured by the police. I just saw a white Boer, woman, that I had to speak to at Witbank. I had just been tortured and threatened. Yes, after those conditions, I must have done that because I wanted to at least save my life. CHAIRPERSON Ms Van der Walt, I did not see that confession. Does it say in that confession that R1 000-00 was taken or that R1 000-00 was received? MS VAN DER WALT I would just like to make sure. I then took R1 000-00, that is all. CHAIRPERSON The R600-00 that he is now talking about, is that what was left. That is the difference. He said that money fell out of this drawer, and how would you like to find that out then ultimately? MS VAN DER WALT Sir, it is clear that - and it never appears in your statement, but from yesterday you at various times say that you also had to go and fetch things from the Boere, today you said you went to a Boer woman. Have you got a problem with that? MR GUSHU Problem about what exactly? A problem about what exactly? MS VAN DER WALT Have you got a problem with the word Boer? Who are you addressing because I am trying to understand this. Yesterday at various times you mentioned that you had to get certain things from Boere and that you appeared in front of a Boer woman, what are you meaning? What is the intention? MR GUSHU If you are a South African, you know the history of this country. As members of the ANC, COSATU or Communist Party, we were very oppressed. We had no place in this country according to the apartheid regime. That is why I speak like that, because a Boer was anybody who was an oppressor, especially people who worked for the NP, the Magistrates, their soldiers, they were all oppressors. They were Boers. MS VAN DER WALT Who represented you in your case? CHAIRPERSON How relevant is that? MS VAN DER WALT I will now refer to the judgement of the case. MR BROWN Mr Chairman, just before we proceed. Mr Gushu has been cross-examined, or literally cross-examined on a document which I don't appear to have, and it is a confession. This morning, well just now, while the evidence - I was given a bundle, I don't know, I am told it is a police docket, I certainly haven't even consulted or spoken to Mr Gushu about it. If we are going to refer to something that is in the bundle that has just been handed as well ... CHAIRPERSON Mr Black, I will give you an opportunity to re-examine your client if there are any questions that arise out of this. MR BLACK Thank you Mr Chairperson. MS VAN DER WALT Who represented you? MR GUSHU Could the Interpreter speak so that I can hear what is going on. CHAIRPERSON Mr Gushu, you are being asked who appeared and who defended you in the criminal trial? MR GUSHU Please explain because there was a Magistrate court and the Supreme court. When I was at the Magistrate court, Juliaka Mohammed represented me. When I was at the Supreme court, Mr Makaya was representing me. They all worked together with Mohammed. MS VAN DER WALT So you were satisfied with the people who represented you? MR GUSHU Yes, because I am the one who requested them to come and represent me. MS VAN DER WALT Very well, because I would like to refer you to page 185 of Volume 1. Have you got it in front of you? Page 185. MR GUSHU Yes, but this is written in Afrikaans. CHAIRPERSON What it states there is that it seems to refer to you and you are alleged to have said that in Piet Retief, you shot the owner, a businessman of a bottle store because he was a member of Inkatha. You took R1 000-00 there. That is what you are being referred to. Now, I don't know what the question is. MR GUSHU Mr Chairperson, this was a confession statement, I did not speak according to my will, I was forced to say everything that is written here. This is why in the Supreme court, I tried to contradict this confession, but the Judge was a Boer as well. He did not want to listen to anything that I said. MS VAN DER WALT This part that I am referring to is the judgement, it is not even the judgement on the conviction, and there are certain aspects that was argued in the court, regarding mitigating circumstances. MR GUSHU Any conclusion taken by the Court, anybody, the Judge, the Magistrate or the police, they all worked for the National Party. To me, they were all tsotsi's. They took the decision to sentence me. MS VAN DER WALT The Judge then found that the murder on Mr Mlangeni had no political, or Mr Mlangeni who had no political affiliation, and that it was purely a robbery that you committed? CHAIRPERSON Ms Van der Walt, tell me to what extent can I rely on this judgement, must I? MS VAN DER WALT What you will have to do with respect, is that you will have to look at his evidence and the circumstances under which he committed this. This was placed before you not by the legal representatives of the people who is opposing this, but it was placed before you by the Truth and Reconciliation Commission. If the facts as I am arguing now, you can also look at that and decide if they correlate and if it is purely robbery and if they were political motives. CHAIRPERSON You put to him what the Judge's findings were concerning him. This is another forum, we are trying to make our own findings, we as the Committee. You are putting to him what the findings of the Judge was. What is the value of that and that is why I am asking to what extent can I rely on this? MS VAN DER WALT No, I would just like to put it to him that that is exactly what the Judge's findings were, that is exactly what happened there, because if he went to go and shoot Mr Msibi and if it was his instructions, because there was a political argument between Mr Msibi and the ANC, then he could have shot Mr Msibi without taking the money. CHAIRPERSON Then you can put the facts directly to him, and not the findings. MS VAN DER WALT I put it to you sir, that if you did execute your order, if there was such an order from Mr Hlaza, then you would have shot Mr Msibi before the till was brought out of the shop and you would have left the scene. Have you got any comment concerning this? MR GUSHU Please repeat your question. MS VAN DER WALT If you received the instruction from Mr Hlaza to kill or to shoot Mr Msibi, you would have gone, shot Mr Msibi who came out first, and you would have left the scene before the till tray came out of the shop. But you only shot Mr Msibi when the money tray came out of the shop. MR GUSHU That is your mistake what you are saying. First of all, I knew that Msibi was guarded by the ascaris and also protected by the members of the Black Cats. I could not see, I could not go and shoot Msibi whilst I thought that there was somebody inside the shop still. The instruction was that I should go and kill Msibi, not that Msibi should go and kill me. ADV SANDI Sorry Mr Gushu, are you - are you still talking? Are you saying that if - you mentioned something about ascaris and bodyguards to Mr Msibi, are you saying that if you shot Mr Msibi and ran away, those people would have chased after you and maybe even killed you? MR GUSHU Certainly Mr Chairperson. If there was someone whilst I was busy shooting Msibi, there was someone inside, as I knew well, that there were people that were well trained inside the house, my operation would have failed then. I would have been shot. MS VAN DER WALT In the end there were two other people, one was his bodyguard according to the statement? MR GUSHU I would not know who exactly his bodyguard was, because I did not even know individually the ascaris that stayed in his house. I went there on instruction. I am not a Piet Retief resident. MS VAN DER WALT So at the stage when you went to go and shoot Msibi, you didn't know that there were ascaris in his house, and that is also how you initially testified? MR GUSHU I knew that there were ascaris or members of the Black Cats that were guarding him or trainees from Makusi Camp. I had to be very careful in whatever I did. I could not put my life in jeopardy. MS VAN DER WALT When did you hear about this? MR GUSHU I have said Mr Chairperson, I got there two weeks before the incident. I am not a politician. I could not ask for a whole lot of details. INTERPRETER The Interpreter could not hear the last part of the statement. CHAIRPERSON Will you repeat that Mr Gushu please? MR GUSHU I went to Piet Retief because I was instructed to do so. I was not a resident of Piet Retief. I got there two weeks before the incident. I would not have a whole lot of knowledge of detail as to who was protecting Msibi. I only knew what danger those people posed to the ANC, COSATU and the Communist Party. MS VAN DER WALT Sir, if I now understand your evidence correct, you did not know that Mr Themba Mlangeni was his, Mr Msibi's bodyguard? MR GUSHU Anybody that was with Msibi so closely was his guard. I only knew that this person was Themba Mlangeni after I was arrested, I did not even know his name beforehand. ADV SANDI I think Ms Van der Walt, what is being attempted to be put to you is that the witness did not know specifically the names of those people who were security guards to the deceased, but he did however know that he had security guards. He didn't know their names, and later he got to know that this Mlangeni was one of them. MS VAN DER WALT He did not know about the person, in the last discussion when I asked him, Mr Mlangeni, if he was the bodyguard, he said no, he did not know he was the bodyguard. I would like to refer to his statement where he directly mentions, but he had answered the question now, thank you. Sir, I would like to know from you when were you arrested? MR GUSHU I was arrested on the 17th of July 1992. To this day I am still in custody. MS VAN DER WALT Mr Keswa, he is with you in prison in Barberton, or was with you, is that correct? MR GUSHU Yes, together with Msibi, we are all in the same prison. MS VAN DER WALT This Mr Msibi that you are talking about is Mdu? MR GUSHU Yes, he is the one. MS VAN DER WALT Since when have you been together in prison with these two people? MR GUSHU I got to Barberton on the 16th of April 1992. I don't know how long they had been there. MS VAN DER WALT You are making a mistake with the date, because you said you were arrested in July 1992 and you are saying now that since the 16th of April you were transferred. MR GUSHU You are often mistaken. I am telling you I was arrested on the 17th of July 1992. When I speak of how I got to Barberton in 1996, I had been transferred to Barberton. MS VAN DER WALT So from 16 April 1996, you for the first time spent time with Keswa and Msibi in Barberton, is that correct? MR GUSHU That is correct. MS VAN DER WALT Can you remember precisely or let me rather point it out to you, according to your amnesty application, the official document, the date is rather unclear. If you will just look at page 25, could you please assist the Honourable Committee because it appears to have been sworn in at the Barberton prison as 10 December 1996. MR GUSHU What I see here is 16-08-1995. MS VAN DER WALT Is that 1995? MR GUSHU It is written 16-08-1995 here. MS VAN DER WALT Thank you very much. The first statement which you made, unfortunately I was not present so I am not entirely sure when the first statement was received by the Committee, if I can just get the date. Thank you Mr Chairperson, it is ... CHAIRPERSON Ms Van der Walt, is this an attempt to cut things short, because what I am about to say is an attempt to cut things short? Is it your instructions from Mr Msibi, what this witness has described as to what happened in front of his shop, is not true? MS VAN DER WALT What this witness has described in the rest of his testimony, is to be argued. CHAIRPERSON Where are we going if what they have said, did in fact take place? MS VAN DER WALT With respect, I think that the surrounding circumstances as to why he went there and everything with regard to Mr Msibi, in terms of what a terrible man he would have been, have to be determined, because it appears rather clearly that this is hearsay. CHAIRPERSON Madam, might I just point the following out: If there was no order such as what he described, then you probably do have a very good point. If there was such an order, then it is the end of the case. But I am sure that you will agree with me that we are not here to look after the characters of people, is that not so? MS VAN DER WALT I don't wish to go into his character, but the full truth and not a twisted form of the truth, has to be placed before you because it is all very fine and well to tell Mr Hlaza or to say that Mr Hlaza is the one who gave the order, but he is dead. CHAIRPERSON We have also heard that from Mr Le Grange on a previous occasion, but the fact remains are we in a position to say that there was or wasn't such an order as he has alleged? However, to continue with all this uncertainty in the hope of establishing something, I don't know where this will take us. All I know is that we have reached the third day of these proceedings and we are busy with the third witness and if we continue in this manner, we will not have concluded our business by next week, Friday. MS VAN DER WALT It would appear that way, yes. I see your point. Sir, it would appear quite clearly that what you have said here about Mr Msibi shows that you had no knowledge thereof, it was told to you after you had arrived in Prison from Keswa and Mdu Msibi, is that correct? MR GUSHU I am going to answer you in this way, I did have information from Hlaza, also what an obstacle or danger this person is to the ANC, Communist Party and COSATU. That knowledge or information was enough for me. As a soldier, following orders, I had to do my job. I could not look into detail as to what he is doing, when, how. I just had to follow orders and go and kill him. ADV BOSMAN Mr Gushu, I think what the Advocate is putting to you is that the knowledge you had, was knowledge you had acquired from other people, and not knowledge that you had personally. I think that was all she was trying to put to you, is that correct, that you had acquired the knowledge about Mr Msibi from other people, you had not experienced it first hand? MR GUSHU Yes, that is correct. That is how I worked. I received information from my leaders and I followed the orders. MS VAN DER WALT I would also like to put it to you further that you are prepared to place anything in your statement simply to qualify for amnesty and so you mentioned the names of two Police Officers, Warrant Officer Pienaar and Sergeant Mkhwanazi which you have never met before. MR GUSHU The interpretation did not come through, I do not understand Afrikaans. CHAIRPERSON Can the interpretation be repeated please? INTERPRETER Can the question be repeated please, so that it can be interpreted? CHAIRPERSON Will the question be repeated? MS VAN DER WALT You are prepared to place anything in your statement in order to qualify for amnesty and that is why without having any knowledge, you placed the names of two Police Officers, Warrant Officer Pienaar and Sergeant Mkhwanazi, that is what you heard according to your own evidence, from the Truth and Reconciliation Commission? ADV SANDI Yes, but sorry Ms Van der Walt, isn't that a very broad question to put to the witness? Has he not told us that he had received pieces and pieces of information, and a lot of it he had no direct knowledge of, he had no personal knowledge of many of these things? Why don't you put it to him as to whether he had known these people personally, this Mr Pienaar and Mr Mkhwanazi. MS VAN DER WALT Sir, he has already said yesterday that he has no knowledge of these people, that he has no knowledge of what they did and that he had heard all of this from the TRC. That is what he said and I am putting it to him that he is prepared to place anything in his statements, even though he doesn't have any personal knowledge thereof, because I think that it is taking it rather far to implicate two people of whom he has only heard via the Truth and Reconciliation Commission. That is what I am trying to put. ADV SANDI Yes, but if he had information, rumours and wide spread perception about these people, what is wrong in him putting that in his application? He is not accusing them of anything. MS VAN DER WALT But he does exactly that. He has put that in his statement, he said that these were the people who were providing arms and ammunition to Msibi. This is what he heard during the sessions of the TRC. He cannot rely on that in his amnesty application. CHAIRPERSON But Ms Van der Walt, that is precisely what I was pointing out to you a few moments ago. I think we as the panel are capable of omitting that because it is hearsay. The fact that he has mentioned this in his application, we are aware that this is hearsay and that he said something negative about certain people, is an issue to be cleared up with them at a later stage. We are not here to guard there characters. MS VAN DER WALT Sir, I am simply putting it to you that Mr Alfius Msibi was the Mayor in Piet Retief, he was democratically elected. He is not a member of the IFP, he did not offer shelter to the Black Cats. He attempted and he lived to support the community and not specific political parties, such as individuals like Andries Kumedi. MR GUSHU There is no such, if the Truth Commission would look at the applications of Msibi, they will see that they said that. This is why I am saying this as well. INTERPRETER The Interpreter did not hear the second name that the speaker mentioned. CHAIRPERSON Can you just repeat the second name please? MR GUSHU Platas Keswa and John Mtumsibi's applications. MS VAN DER WALT I would like to put it to you that Mr Msibi was shot in Piet Retief on the 12th of December 1991, and before that, there was no other person, whether ANC or IFP who was killed in a violent situation. MR GUSHU I cannot talk or elaborate on that, I am not a Piet Retief resident. I was using information that had been given to me by my leader. I couldn't go and investigate who of the ANC had been killed. I was told that Msibi was a Mayor and he was oppressive in his way, dealing with the community, supporting the NP. That was important enough for me. MS VAN DER WALT I have no further questions. NO FURTHER QUESTIONS BY MS VAN DER WALT . MR PRINSLOO No questions, thank you. NO CROSS-EXAMINATION BY MR PRINSLOO . CHAIRPERSON Mr Hattingh, do you have any questions? MR HATTINGH A few thank you Mr Chairman. ADV SANDI I thought you are going to say all your questions have been covered? CROSS-EXAMINATION BY MR HATTINGH Mr Gushu, mention was made at this hearing by Mr Mndebele that the ANC was forced to resort to armed robberies to fund its local activities because of attacks on cadres by vigilante gangs, by a vigilante gang. It was reported in the Citizen ... MR PATEL With respect Mr Chairman, I must object, that was not the evidence of Mr Mndebele. His evidence is simply the following, there was no general instruction from the ANC as such that you ought to resort to violence with regard to robbery. The local ANC people decided that it was necessary in their circumstances, it wasn't a general ANC instruction. CHAIRPERSON Mr Patel, I think your objection was a bit premature, but ... MR PATEL I know where the question is going, if I can stop it here, if it pleases the Court. MR HATTINGH Mr Chairman, I would appreciate it if I would be allowed to ask the question first. CHAIRPERSON You better think of this also Mr Hattingh, you know the media in this country has a history of slants for their own reasons, and then one is dealing with matters such as these, there is not much weight we can attach to it. Maybe you can ask for his comment and see what he says, I hope you understand what I am saying. MR HATTINGH I do, thank you. Mr Gushu, let me then rephrase and say it was reported today, the newspaper of today, the Citizen, 22 July 1998, that the evidence that was led at this hearing to the effect that there was an instruction or - from the ANC command that you were allowed to commit robberies in the furtherance of the aims of the ANC. MR PATEL I must object to that question Mr Chairman, it is obvious to everybody sitting here and who heard the evidence, particularly Mr Hattingh that the report is incorrect. What is the point of putting an incorrect report of which we are all aware, to the witness? CHAIRPERSON I think it is a fair comment. MR HATTINGH Mr Chairman, I did not put the contents of the newspaper report to this witness now. I told him what was said during this hearing. CHAIRPERSON During the hearing it was said that the local ANC structure gave this order as it were, or allowed this mandate to be carried out, as opposed and I think what Mr Patel is referring to, as opposed to a national policy which the newspaper seems to have got on to. ADV BOSMAN Mr Hattingh, I put it to Mr Mndebele whether this was in line with general ANC policy and his response was it was not in line with the general ANC policy, but that it was the feeling at the local level. That was the way I recall it, it is perhaps a basis of Mr Patel's objection. CHAIRPERSON that is Correct. Let me put it this way to you Mr Gushu, are you aware of what the general ANC policy at national level was in respect of resorting to robbery to finance projects or can't you say? MR GUSHU As I have already said Mr Chairperson, I am not a politician, I am a soldier. Therefore, I don't have such knowledge or I don't know much about the policy of the ANC on these matters. ADV SANDI In your evidence Mr Gushu yesterday, if we can attempt to recall that, you said you had no specific instruction to go about committing acts of robberies, is that correct? MR GUSHU Please repeat your question, I did not understand well. ADV SANDI Did you say yesterday all you heard was a general command to do all those things you told us yesterday, you had to do, but you had no specific instruction to go about committing acts of robbery? Robbery would be an initiative on your part and not something you had been instructed to do, is that correct? MR GUSHU Yes sir, that is correct. My instruction was pretty open. I had said and explained yesterday that we were raided by the police in the townships and they would take our firearms. Even if I would go to an ANC office, I would not be able to get money to buy a firearm. It was my own thinking that I should do this. The ANC did not have money, it would wait until it received some money, some funds, sponsorship from somewhere or other. MR HATTINGH Thank you. Mr Gushu, are you prepared to tell the full truth to this Commission, to the Committee today? MR GUSHU Yes, it is the truth that I have spoken already. MR HATTINGH Are you prepared to make full disclosure to this Committee? MR GUSHU Correct, full disclosure. I have said everything that I know. MR HATTINGH Are you, yourself prepared to make a disclosure about any other incident apart from the incidents for which you make amnesty? CHAIRPERSON How relevant is that Mr Hattingh? You are aware of my ruling. MR HATTINGH Mr Chairman, I am not referring to the other matter on which the amnesty application is still pending. CHAIRPERSON Are you talking about other criminal activities maybe? MR HATTINGH Yes. CHAIRPERSON Are you entitled to put him at risk? MR HATTINGH Mr Chairman, I would submit with respect, that I am allowed to ask the question. The witness, the applicant is from his side, the same time entitled to say I am not prepared to make a disclosure about any other events. CHAIRPERSON I ask that question also bearing in mind that we are busy with certain incidents and to allow carte blanche on the man's life history, be it criminal or otherwise, is opening literally the flood gates. Technically maybe, you are correct and I would have to give him certain warnings in terms of the Criminal Procedure Act, but I am weary about opening up the flood gates, because we are busy with certain incidents for which he is making application for amnesty. Mr Gushu, you have been asked as to whether you would be prepared to disclose or comment on matters which may be criminal and not the subject matter of your application and in which you may have been involved at some other time. You are not compelled to answer such questions. You are entitled to refuse to answer questions on those issues. You are also entitled to indicate that you are not prepared to discuss those. Do you understand? MR GUSHU Yes, I understand you Mr Chairperson. CHAIRPERSON If you are not too certain about your rights in that respect, if such questions are forthcoming, stop and you can ask me about your rights. Do you understand that? MR GUSHU I understand. MR BLACK Mr Chairman, I do represent Mr Gushu here and I would like to also explain it at length to him, not at length but to explain the consequences and be satisfied within my own mind, that he understands the situation. CHAIRPERSON Mr Black, I will protect his interest, don't you worry about that. Mr Hattingh? MR HATTINGH Thank you Mr Chairman. Mr Gushu, you make application for two incidents of robbery which you committed during the period 1991 to 1992, is that correct? MR GUSHU I have made applications for amnesty for killing, attempted murders that I have been charged with. MR HATTINGH Mr Gushu, the question is you explained at length why it was necessary to commit armed robberies to enable you in the furtherance of the aims of the ANC, to arm the SDU's, to obtain money and arms for the SDU's. That was the reason for your committing certain robberies. CHAIRPERSON Mr Hattingh, where is the second one? Maybe our papers aren't full. MR HATTINGH Mr Chairman, I am now looking at the indication we received from the Evidence Leader, how the witness or the applicants were to be called, and as far as I can remember, the matter of David de Bruyn and Wynand Fourie, the two security guards, were also mentioned as a robbery. And then obviously the one with regard to - the Piet Retief matter of ... CHAIRPERSON Mr Msibi? MR HATTINGH Mr Msibi, yes. But I am asking the question, I don't want to waste time. For how many robberies are you making application at this hearing? MR BLACK Mr Chairman, it could speed up if Mr Hattingh can just ask his - we are all aware that he has now said that Mr Gushu is asking amnesty in respect of if he can say incidents, the incident at Piet Retief and the incident at the Breyten Mine where Mr Du Bruyn was killed and wounded. Then it would, because we are aware that there are applications pending in respect of other matters, so I mean this is too general. CHAIRPERSON Ask your question Mr Hattingh. MR HATTINGH Mr Gushu, for how many robberies are you making application at this hearing? MR GUSHU I don't remember that I have asked amnesty for having robbed. I have asked for amnesty for having killed and having attempted to kill. CHAIRPERSON Now in respect of robberies, can you tell us where those robberies would have occurred? The ones that you are applying for? MR GUSHU Mr Chairperson, I don't know if you understood me well. This robbery that they speak of, that was written by the police. CHAIRPERSON Look, where you attack someone and you take their belongings violently, that is robbery. Do you understand? MR GUSHU Oh, I did not understand that, I did not know. CHAIRPERSON Okay, do you understand now? MR GUSHU All right, I understand now because you have explained to me. CHAIRPERSON Those are regarded as crimes. Do you understand that? MR GUSHU As you are explaining to me, I understand. CHAIRPERSON In these proceedings, it seems in your application that you are making application for amnesty in respect of those crimes. All the Advocate wants to know is how many of those robberies you referred to. MR GUSHU As you are explaining to me Mr Chairperson, according to the National Party, according to the National Party's law, for me that was not robbery. This is why I am getting confused. I was doing what the Boers were doing to us as well. CHAIRPERSON Mr Gushu, I am not going to get into an argument about you because of what you or I regard as crimes and not and who determined what was crimes. The fact of the matter is that you made application for amnesty, and all we want to know is in respect of the robberies that I described to you, how many robberies do you apply for amnesty for? MR GUSHU Two Mr Chairperson. CHAIRPERSON Which, where did they occur? MR GUSHU (Indistinct) and the Alfius Msibi case. CHAIRPERSON Okay. You've got your answer. MR HATTINGH Thank you Mr Chairman. CHAIRPERSON Maybe we can consider the rest after lunch. COMMITTEE ADJOURNS MZWANDILE GUSHU (s.u.o) CROSS-EXAMINATION BY MR HATTINGH (cont) Thank you Mr Chairman. Mr Gushu, approximately when did you come to Ermelo for the first time? MR GUSHU Even though I do not remember exactly, but it was 1990 around September. MR HATTINGH And you were arrested towards July 1992, is that correct? MR GUSHU Correct. MR HATTINGH And during the period that you remained in this area, approximately a year and a half, you were involved with let's call it the work on behalf of the ANC in this community? MR GUSHU Correct. MR HATTINGH You already testified and confirmed that you are making application for two armed robberies. Is that correct? MR GUSHU Correct. MR HATTINGH And you also said that the specific purpose of the armed robberies, was not for your own personal gain but only for the purpose of obtaining money and to arm the SDU's. MR GUSHU Correct. MR HATTINGH Now the next question I am going to ask and you are entitled to seek assistance whether to answer or not, but I would like to hear you comment to the following statement. I do find it strange that during this extended period in which you were involved with the SDU's, it was only necessary on two occasions to commit armed robberies to arm them. MR BLACK Mr Chairman, I think it is very clear that for the purposes of this sitting, we are dealing with two armed robberies. We are not talking about everything over a period, because that has arisen before. Thank you. CHAIRPERSON What is the purpose of the question Mr Hattingh? MR HATTINGH Mr Chairman, I would submit that in the end when we address this meeting on the applications and our opposing thereof, and particularly where armed robberies are concerned, we will also deal with the intention with which those armed robberies were committed. In the end I will say and submit to this Committee that it just does not tally that in such an extended period, the purpose for the armed robberies based on only two armed robberies over a period of one and a half years, would have been for the arming of the SDU's, and that in fact the armed robberies were committed for personal gain and malice. CHAIRPERSON Are you suggesting there should have been more armed robberies? MR HATTINGH I am suggesting that if the reason, the aim of the armed robberies was in fact what this applicant try us to believe that it was, then one would have expected more armed robberies for that purpose. CHAIRPERSON Who is to say there weren't, but he wasn't involved? MR HATTINGH We don't know, but my question to this applicant would be in the situation where he was instructed to be involved with the SDU's in the whole area, Piet Retief, Ermelo, wherever Secunda, the picture painted by this applicant is in fact that he was tremendously, to a large extent involved with the SDU's. He had sort of an open ended instruction from the ANC in the area to do whatever was necessary. CHAIRPERSON I think if there were other robberies to provide assistance and he was involved, one could hardly expect him to apply for those too? Perhaps there were only two robberies that he was involved in. One never knows. MR HATTINGH Mr Chairman, I respectfully submit that we are now getting back to the question of full disclosure and I - what I would like to do is ask the question and if the applicant is not prepared to give an answer, I will accept that. I am not going to ask for any details whatsoever, but what I say is I am asking the question with the aim of full disclosure because this is as stated, this is a Black Cat hearing. CHAIRPERSON Let me, Mr Gushu, you remember I gave you a warning just now and explained to you that you are not compelled to answer certain questions, do you remember that? MR GUSHU Yes, I remember. CHAIRPERSON Are you prepared to comment or testify about armed robberies that may have taken place during the period with which you may or may not have been associated? They are not robberies that form part of your application. MR GUSHU Not a bit Mr Chairperson, I am not prepared to. MR HATTINGH Thank you Mr Chairperson. Mr Gushu, you made application for two armed robberies for which you have already been convicted and serving sentences in the region of 55 years jail term, is that correct? MR GUSHU I was sentenced for everything that I had done. I have made application for these two robberies. MR HATTINGH The two robberies that you have made application for amnesty for, are the two robberies for which you were convicted? Is that correct? MR GUSHU Correct. MR HATTINGH At the time when the criminal trial was held in connection with the murders and the robberies, where you were convicted, the same firm of Attorneys who represented you then, are also representing you today, is that correct? MR GUSHU No. Mr Black is representing me now, not Mohammed. MR HATTINGH Do you perhaps know which firm of Attorneys is instructing Mr Black then? MR BLACK Just to save time, I have put on record already that I am being instructed by you know, Ntuli, Knobel and Spoor of Nelspruit. CHAIRPERSON Mr Hattingh, is it of any relevance whether he knows that or not? MR HATTINGH Mr Chairman, I was just going to lay a basis for certain documentation I would like to deal with at this stage. But I am not going to take it any further. Mr Gushu, at the time of the criminal trial, there were certain documentation submitted to the Court, namely a confession as well as a document being called a Document of Pointings Out, is that correct? MR GUSHU I thought I had already said that everything that happened in court, was not according to my will like here in the Commission, as I am permitted to speak and divulge all. MR HATTINGH Mr Gushu, if you could just answer the question, we will deal with the details thereof later on. If you can just confirm that at the time both these documents were submitted to the Court and accepted, whether rightfully or not, we will deal with later. MR GUSHU I can't answer that because I do not work with court documents, I am a prisoner. CHAIRPERSON Do you remember whether you were forced to or not, there was a document relating to your pointing out certain things that was used in your trial? MR GUSHU I remember clearly Mr Chairperson, that everything that happened after I was arrested, I was forced to do. There was not a single thing that happened according to my will. CHAIRPERSON Now one of those things that happened during that period, was a document that was produced at your trial and it reflected or purportedly reflected your pointing out certain things. Do you recall that? MR GUSHU I don't remember in court pointing out certain things, however, I do remember that I was forced by the police to go and point out the places where these incidents took place. MR HATTINGH Perhaps I can assist you. I am just going to hand to you the two documents. CHAIRPERSON I am not too sure what the answer is, are you entitled to use that document if he says it was not voluntarily? MR HATTINGH Mr Chairman, I am asking you for direction. In a normal court, in a criminal trial obviously the State would say that we would wish to submit certain confessions and or other documentation and there would be a trial within a trial, if it is not admitted. Now, here we have the position where we act on behalf of certain of the victims, and I would like to get full disclosure from this applicant. I have to confront him with certain evidence or certain documentation which does form part of the document, the Amnesty Committee's documentation where we obtained these from, if we need to hold a trial within a trial, then so be it. While we are only going to bring evidence or submit testimony after the applicant has already testified and been cross-examined, my own opinion and which I would like to submit, in the circumstances where we don't have any specific direction within the Act, that I should at least put to this applicant whatever I am going to prove later on. If the applicant now says that he is not admitting it, I don't think that I am not allowed to make use of the documents at all during this hearing, but there should be some way of putting them before this Committee and if a trial within a trial is necessary and if I need from my side, to prove these confessions and the pointing out, then I obviously need to call on those witnesses, but at what stage, I don't know. CHAIRPERSON Let me put it this way. Does it from the face of that document, indicate that the accused was warned of his rights before he made the pointings out? MR HATTINGH Mr Chairman, I may just first say that this occurred during July 1992, that is some indication as to what the situation was at the time of the pointings out and the confessions and the sort of (indistinct) that was used at the time, and I am not quite sure at this moment, whether it is confirmed with whatever changed during that time, but ... CHAIRPERSON Well, if you want to use it now, you have to comply with the law as it stands now, not so? Not as it stood then. MR HATTINGH Mr Chairman, I would submit no. I think it is clear that this document was used at a time where it was admissible. CHAIRPERSON To use it now, I am not concerned about what happened at the criminal trial. If you want to put questions to the witness today, based on a particular document, not so? Now in order to use that document, you must be satisfied that you are entitled to use that document, that it complies with the law. MR HATTINGH Mr Chairman, I am satisfied that it in fact complies with the law. CHAIRPERSON Was he warned that he was entitled to an Attorney, the assistance of an Attorney before he did that? MR HATTINGH If you would bear with me for just one moment, let me just peruse the document. CHAIRPERSON Mr Hattingh, why do you want to produce that document? MR HATTINGH Mr Chairman, all along my ... CHAIRPERSON Does it have anything to do with the contents? MR HATTINGH Absolutely yes. CHAIRPERSON Then my initial question still applies. Was his (indistinct) and his rights being protected when he made those pointings out? ADV BOSMAN I don't know whether you are understanding the Chairman correctly. Are you tendering it as proof of the truth of the content? MR HATTINGH Mr Chairman, no I am not tendering it as proof of the contents of the statement, but for the purposes of comparing whatever he told in 1992 with what he is telling this Committee today, and to see whether he is making a full disclosure and whether he is telling the truth. CHAIRPERSON Which would you submit is the truth, what he is telling us today or what is contained therein? MR HATTINGH Mr Chairman, this witness already indicated during cross-examination that when his statement, the second additional statement was prepared, that was done at the time when he couldn't quite remember all the details of what happened during that period. Now, what I would like to submit is that we now have something, a document which where it was noted what he could remember in 1992. A much better ... CHAIRPERSON So you are going to refer to the contents and you are going to confront him with obviously, what would amount to a contradiction? MR HATTINGH That is correct, yes sir. CHAIRPERSON So you are going to rely on the contents of that document in order to confront him with the contradictions? MR HATTINGH I am going to rely on the contents of the document to the extent that I am going to ask this applicant to explain the discrepancies. ADV SANDI But Mr Hattingh, I am not quite sure if I follow you. Why should you be allowed to cross-examine this witness on the contents of a statement which he is disputing, he is putting it in dispute. He says I never - I was forced to say those things that are in there and you have said you do not wish to tender that document as proof of what he said. I just have a difficulty with what you are trying to say. By the way, what is the law today concerning such documents? MR HATTINGH Mr Chairman, obviously there were certain amendments to the Criminal Procedure Act or I am speaking under correction, the Act was not amended. What in fact happened was there were certain reported cases in which the present constitution was interpreted. ADV SANDI Yes, there was a constitutional court decision, don't you think it has a bearing on this? MR HATTINGH It absolutely has a bearing on confessions being made today and what is required today, but I would submit that full disclosure by this applicant means that if he made a statement at the time and at the time his statement did in fact comply with whatever requirements there were at the time, and while this statement cannot go any way to finding him guilty and convict him on what was said in this statement, then there can be no reason why this cannot be put to him and for him to explain the discrepancies. CHAIRPERSON Mr Hattingh, the killers of Mr Steve Bantu Biko, many years ago lied. They say today they lied in court at that inquest, and they now come with a different version. I am not too certain if that version is the truth or not, that is besides the point. On your argument, it can again be said they are making full disclosure. How do you explain that? MR HATTINGH The way I see it, if the perpetrators of the killers of Mr Biko now, today make full disclosure and say, we did lie at the time, it was a pack of lies, we are now telling the truth, that is full disclosure. If this witness says at the time when I made this statement, it was not quite the full truth, because there were various reasons, then that will be full disclosure. But then we still need to deal with it. If we don't deal with it, then there is no full disclosure. CHAIRPERSON I gave you that example. My interpretation of the Act is such that it leans in favour of the applicants. The assistance must be given to full disclosure in a given time and on a particular aspect, particular incident. I do not think that we can throw the whole library at him, all the books and bring in the cavalry and the footsoldiers. We intend to keep this simple, we are supposed to keep it simple and to the extent that you want to keep it simple to investigate whether full disclosure has been made. But to go to such lengths to determine whether full disclosure has been made, I am not too sure that that was the intention of the legislature. You may argue the point, I am not too sure whether you can persuade me, but I am just putting my concerns to you. We are going to get into all types of traps and we don't want a re-run of the criminal trial. That matter has gone by. What do you say about my comments? MR HATTINGH Mr Chairman, I do not want to go into the - not at all into the details of the statements, I am not even - would like to give you the gist of why I would like to use the documents, because that would then be to the disadvantage of the applicant if we are not going to use it. But what I say is, I am not - I do not intend to go back to his youth. I do not intend to go back to a tremendous amount of background. What I want to do is, this applicant is making application for a number of atrocities and actions that he took in the past. On all of those on which he makes application, he was convicted. His reason today for saying I am entitled to amnesty, I comply with the requirements of the Act, is inter alia that at the time I did it for a purpose, a political aim, political motive. My opposing the applicant's application is based on the fact that it was not done at the time for a political motive and political purpose, if and this is just - I am not saying this was the position - but if ... CHAIRPERSON Where does full disclosure come into the picture then, if that is your basis for objecting? Either it was for a political motive or not? It's got nothing to do with full disclosure, which is factual. MR HATTINGH If his full disclosure of today as a fabrication of the event, then I believe that I would be entitled to argue and say this is not full disclosure, this is fabrication of the event, this is a pack of lies. CHAIRPERSON You can argue in that event, that he doesn't comply with one of the two main requirements of the Act. You told me on Monday and you repeated today, that the gist of your opposition is that it was not for political reasons that this witness committed all these offences. But yet you tried your argument on the right to use that document, you are telling me that you want to use it for the purposes of proving that inadequate disclosure if you want to call it, has been made, or wrong disclosure, or not full disclosure. Now, the aspect of full disclosure is quite separate from the requirement of committing an offence for a political reason. How do you marry the two? MR HATTINGH I would say that my main aim would still be whether this applicant acted with a political motive or not, but the only way that we can gauge that and come to a finding whether he acted with a political motive or not, is by way of full disclosure. I am not saying in the end that because I may very well say so, but at this stage is, we need full disclosure to get, to test his political aims and motives if they existed at the time. Without full disclosure we cannot move on to his political aims and contest that whatsoever. CHAIRPERSON I honestly don't follow you. There is no intertwining of the two. Those are two separate requirements. When you told us that the basis of your opposition was a lack of political motivation, I for one, accepted that you had no quarrel with the factual issues. All we needed to investigate was whether the commission of the offences was done with a political motive. If he failed, if the applicant fails to persuade us and satisfy us that it was done with a political motive, then his application must fail. But it has nothing to do with the disclosure. If he passes that test, then we must then enquire as to whether he has made full disclosure. Quite distinct. MR HATTINGH Perhaps then my use of the word full disclosure in this respect, is not correct. But the same word can be used for proving or disproving his political aims and objectives. To enable us to make a finding whether he in fact acted at the time in the furtherance of the aims of the ANC, we need to deal with the facts pertaining to those incidents and ... ADV SANDI You see the problem Mr Hattingh, is that you did not indicate from the beginning that that was one of the grounds of your opposition of his application and it was asked of you quite categorically on numerous occasions, on what ground is the application or applications being opposed and the only ground that was mentioned is the lack of political motivation. It would seem to me that you are now introducing a new ground of opposition? MR HATTINGH Mr Chairman, if I did say that, then I have to apologise. When we discussed this whole issue whether I will indicate the grounds of my opposition, I distinctly remember I said as we carry on with each and every incident, and each and every applicant, I would indicate to the Committee what my grounds are. I did not at that time said on all the applicants, I would restrict myself to only the motives. If I did so, I would like to retract that and I - then I made a mistake and I would rather then say that I do not base it only on their motives, but the way I see full disclosure is that I would then also base it on full disclosure. CHAIRPERSON The only way you can proceed to do so is with the help of those documents? MR HATTINGH Mr Chairman, when we commenced this Committee meeting on Monday, I already indicated to both yourself and the Evidence Leader that we required certain documentation which we did not have at the time, including police dockets and so forth, and court judgements. At this stage we have been placed in possession of the two documents I am referring to now and which I would like to submit now from the Evidence Leader. At this stage we have not received any other documentation and in particular not any police dockets pertaining to these incidents, which would enable us to see what occurred at the time. CHAIRPERSON You see Mr Hattingh, my problem is that it seems to me that we are on a one big fishing expedition here, because we don't know how to oppose the application. We are looking for all types of things like previous records, etc to maybe, perhaps sow a seed of doubt. We are not about that. If your clients have concrete reasons to believe that it is good enough reason to oppose the application, one, because of a lack of political motivation, or two, that not everything or the applicant is not disclosing everything in its true context, fine, but for them to give you instructions to come and see if you can find things to oppose, when are we going to finish? MR HATTINGH Mr Chairman, I appreciate that. I think in the instance of this particular applicant, no doubt he was convicted for those offences which he now admit, so we are not fishing for something which does not exist. That is the first point I would like to make. The second point is, if in fact I was fishing for information, I did in fact catch two big fish then because I have something which I believe is relevant for this matter and if we carry on with this hearing without the full perspective, then we might as well sit back and listen to the applicant and that will be the end of it. Then there will be no need ... CHAIRPERSON Because your clients do not have any information at hand that can even suggest that the applicant is not making full disclosure, is that not so? MR HATTINGH Mr Chairman, if I may respond. There may very well be instances where a family member was killed by an applicant for no apparent reason. We cannot submit any evidence, we cannot call on any witnesses, we cannot do anything to oppose the killing of a family member for no apparent reason, but still I believe that the victims are entitled to say well, our opposing of the applicant's application, we cannot say exactly on what basis, but we say at least we would like to know why he did it, full disclosure, and if there was a political aim. CHAIRPERSON So, then he comes here and he says look, I am a member of Umkhonto weSizwe, I did certain things in the furtherance of my instructions. One of my instructions were to beat or kill Mr X. Mr X was a member of an opposing political party and he was doing this, that and the other against the community. He comes to submit this and your clients are unable to initially tell you and even at that stage, tell you look, we want to know what happened, and now they are being told. On what basis can they oppose it, because they have no concrete information to oppose it? MR HATTINGH Mr Chairman, if we say we just have to accept the version of the applicant at this stage, then it would negate the necessity of the purpose of cross-examination, then we ... CHAIRPERSON Cross-examination is not a matter that must follow. If there is nothing to cross-examine about, then you don't cross-examine. Not so? MR HATTINGH But if we have every belief that the version as submitted by the applicant or at least some elements thereof, the political part, is a fabrication of the event, how are we then to test that or oppose that. If we have instructions or believe that it is a fabrication of the event. CHAIRPERSON Now we are coming to the crux of the matter then. If you have a belief, that belief must be based on some concrete evidence, not so? It wouldn't exist, that belief wouldn't exist if you didn't know anything about it, and if there is a reason such as I have just described, please carry on. But to state that look I need this document to find out if he has in fact made full disclosure, suggests to me that there is nothing to rely on. MR HATTINGH As I have already explained, I believe that there are circumstances where you don't really have available any witnesses or any instructions to the contrary, but still you have a tremendous amount of proof which is available and which does form part of the Amnesty Committee's documentation that the version is not true, it is a fabrication of the event. CHAIRPERSON Just to avoid any misunderstanding, the fact that certain documents form part of a bundle that was made up by the TRC, doesn't mean that the truth of the contents of those documents forming the bundle, is accepted by anybody. It should not be construed that way. MR HATTINGH I accept that, but what I am saying is that at least one should be given the opportunity of putting it to the applicant and allowing him the chance to respond to that and to comment on that and not just to take it off the table and say we are not considering whatsoever ... CHAIRPERSON Maybe, why don't you put to him that it is alleged that he is supposed to have made certain pointings out, was it correct or does he agree with it or doesn't he agree. Depending on his answer, you can take it further. But to produce a document like that in the circumstances, I am not too sure how it came into being, and I am not happy at this stage to accept that everything was okay with the drafting of that document. Then you can proceed on that basis. MR HATTINGH Mr Chairman ... MR MAPOMA Excuse me sir, excuse me. I think this is very important. I have heard Advocate Hattingh raising an issue here which I think is important that he has not been furnished with documents which he has requested from me. Chairperson, I want to place on record, that is not the case. The documents that I have got with me here, I have given him a file to peruse and get whatever document that he might find necessary for the purposes of this hearing. This document he is referring to now, is part of those documents. The reason why we did not put this document into the bundle of documents, it was my view sir, that this document will not assist with either the applicant or victim, because it is a document as far as I could see it, which was a document which was made at the criminal trial by then, for the purpose of amnesty application sir, my position is that as I saw this document, I found it not to assist the Committee in determining it will grant amnesty or not. It is not very much relevant as the transcript itself of the criminal trial, it is for that reason that we don't even look for the transcript of the criminal trail in that matter. So what I want to place on record sir, even the document, even the police docket, he has gone on to say that he has not been given the extracts of the police dockets. These documents, whatever extracts that are relevant to this hearing from the police docket, have been made available, they are here for anyone to have access to. I just wanted to place that on record sir. MR HATTINGH Mr Chairman, on the three points. If I came over the way Mr - the Evidence Leader now responded to it, I indicated that I required certain documentation. I am absolutely satisfied that the Evidence Leader gave to me whatever he had in his possession. I am not saying he is keeping anything back. What I do say is that apparently the investigation for the purposes of this meeting, was to the extent that very little is made available for this meeting. The police dockets are not available. On Monday we were advised that they were on their way, but in fact they did not arrive and we accept that, that the Evidence Leader is not in a position to make it available and we accept the fact that he has given us everything that he's got. But I might just add something else to what the Evidence Leader has now said, I feel very concerned about the fact that the Evidence Leader is now to decide what will be relevant or not for this Committee. I think without having regard to the document itself, and to see number one, whether it applies with any requirements and number two, whether it is relevant the contents thereof, this Committee cannot just discard it and we cannot just rely on the Evidence Leader's own opinion as to whether it is relevant or not. I may think it is relevant, he may think it is not and that for that very reason, we are not going to decide on it. It is for you Mr Chairman and your Committee, to make that decision and even you can't decide, make that decision without having gone to the documents. We don't have to make it public, but you need to have a look at it to make the decision properly, a proper decision whether it should be, whether it is relevant and whether you should make use of it. ADV SANDI Mr Hattingh, the long and the short of it as I see it, is that if you have instructions to contradict the version of the applicant, put your version to him according to your instructions. You are at liberty to do so here. Do you have instructions to contradict what he said here? MR HATTINGH Mr Chairman, my instructions are that this applicant committed these atrocities without any motive of furthering the aims of a political organisation, and the way I would like to prove it and the way I would like to oppose it, is by using certain pieces of evidence, it is strong evidence at that. CHAIRPERSON Just to carry on from there, the clients that gave you instructions were not au fait with the documents you now produce. Those only became available recently, not so? On what basis did they tell you, now come along here, not knowing that these documents are going to be available, come along here and oppose this application on the basis that it was so far away from political motivation that the application cannot be granted? What is their view, why do they say that? MR HATTINGH Mr Chairman, for one thing, these documentation in law, they are not supposed to be made available or public before the hearing commences. Had I consulted six months ago or six weeks ago or six days ago, it wouldn't have made a difference. I came here on the instructions, oppose the application. I do not think ... CHAIRPERSON On what basis? MR HATTINGH If you may allow me. I do not think for one moment that any of my clients sitting at the back, will be able to refer this Committee to Section so and so of the Act for the Promotion of National Unity and Reconciliation and say we are opposing in terms of this and that Section of the Act. They are opposing and they give instructions to oppose and for that very reason we are here to give life to that opposition and make sense of that opposition. CHAIRPERSON A desire to oppose is one thing, whether you can oppose is another. I would have expected advice to be given to clients who maybe under the impression that they can oppose when in fact they shouldn't. That is the point I want to make. On what basis did they think they can come and properly oppose the application? MR HATTINGH Mr Chairman, I can put your mind at rest, when I first consulted with the victims, the very first thing I explained to them is what is going to happen here and what we can do and what the Act says, and on what basis we can oppose any application. That was made clear from the very outset. It was on that basis that I received instructions to oppose. But I still wish to come over very strongly about it, even the applicants if they were left on their own, they would not have been able to comply with the Act to make the application, they require assistance to able them to comply with all the requirements of the Act, to enable them to make the application. The same goes for the respondents, the victims, the opponents. To oppose the applications, they now know on what basis we can do it. In their way they say oppose it, but they are not going to give me, instruct me and say oppose it on the basis of non full disclosure, because one can only have regard to the application, there are no full disclosure in the applications. They just give a name and nothing else in many of the instances. But I for one, did not expect from my clients to give me instructions on exactly what basis, they gave me the version, they gave me the emotions of it, and I explained to them what basis I can carry on and as far as I am concerned, I am just doing my job when I do confront an applicant on what I believe is a very good basis. ADV BOSMAN Can you just clarify for me, do those documents form part of the court record or are they - were they actually submitted during the hearing of the Supreme court? MR HATTINGH Mr Chairman, just to go back one moment, on Monday when I brought up the whole issue of police dockets, I was advised that I should take it up myself and find out whatever I can get hold of. I did speak to the Investigating Officer in this case as well, Mr Gushu's case. The Investigating Officer at the time, we are talking 1992 to 1995 when it was finally completed, and yes, he confirmed we don't find it in the documents available to us, although the judgement on sentence by Judge Van Dykhorst does indicate that the confession was in fact made part of the record, or was admitted, but yes both these documents were admitted in the criminal trial. ADV BOSMAN My next question is, as matters stand now, do you have a basis for opposing - on those records, do you have a basis for opposing the application? MR HATTINGH Without a doubt. I may just add, when we look at these documents, Section 19(8)(a) of the Promotion of National Unity and Reconciliation Act states that the applications, documentation in connection therewith, further information and evidence obtained before and during an investigation by the Commission, deliberations conducted in order to come to a decision, everything becomes available and public once the hearing commences. Now, I do not find anything in the Act to tell me that anything that we can find in that box of information that the Amnesty Committee holds in Cape Town and which is gathered prior to a public hearing, that anything of that is excluded once we start with our public amnesty hearing. All those documents should be at our disposal to peruse them, see whether they are relevant, see whether we should submit them to this Committee so that this Committee can be in a position to consider it, accept it, discard it, put it in proper perspective until the time when we have to make the final decision. CHAIRPERSON What happens if the witness says he didn't make that voluntarily? MR HATTINGH Sorry, I didn't hear you? CHAIRPERSON What happens if the witness says he didn't make that document voluntarily? MR HATTINGH Mr Chairman, from the outset I said I think, this is one of the occasions where I require your assistance and direction. There can no other way be a trial within a trial, to say if he denies, that is not enough to make it impossible to confront him with it. It is still there. He makes the allegation that he acted on all incidents with a political motive, we do not believe him. Now he makes the allegation that this was obtained on an improper way, we do not believe him, and we would like to prove the ... CHAIRPERSON Why don't you believe him? In the last five years we found that some certain strange things that happened in the South African Police, but why don't you believe him? Why? MR HATTINGH Mr Chairman, the reason why I don't believe him is that I have had insight into the contents of the documentation. You cannot make a decision I would submit with respect, that either to believe him or my disbelief of him, is valid or invalid or in place unless you look at all the documentation. We have the benefit of the applicant's testimony, that is all we have. If I do not believe him, it may very well be on the basis that I will confront him and say I will call on a certain witness who is going to say this or that, and for that reason I do not believe you. At this stage I say, I will, I want to submit to you a statement which you made at that time, have a look at the statement, let's consider the statement, but somehow Judge Van Dykhorst believed the contents of the statement or the legality or the admissibility of the statement. ADV BOSMAN You are not submitting that the Committee is bound by the findings of Mr Justice Van Dykhorst? MR HATTINGH Not at all. ADV SANDI Was it part of the finding of the Judge you have referred to in that document, that that confession was made voluntarily, freely and voluntarily? Was it part of his finding? MR HATTINGH We can only make that deduction because we don't have the benefit of the judgement from Judge Van Dykhorst. We only have his judgement on sentence, but from that it would appear that he accepted it freely and voluntarily and according to the Investigating Officer, Captain Hall, that was in fact the position. MR BLACK On this particular point, may I be of assistance and dispute what Mr Hattingh is saying. If one looks at page 185 of Volume 1, it is quite clear Van Dykhorst, J says ultimately his evidence, Exhibit G1, he did not confirm this under oath. It was clear that ... ADV SANDI Which paragraph is that? MR BLACK Page 185, fourth line from the top. It is clear that this was a matter in dispute, without the court record of course, one does not know and one has the evidence of the applicant who has clearly stated that everything happened to him after his arrest, was under duress. ADV SANDI So this document was in dispute in the criminal court already? MR BLACK It was in dispute and it was obviously not made under oath when he appeared before the Magistrate and he didn't confirm it under oath. MR HATTINGH Mr Chairman, perhaps we can assist Mr Black. This is in Afrikaans, I do not for one moment think that one should make a confession under oath. A confession is a confession, it is not necessarily under oath. What he stated here is the accused did not apparently testify at the criminal trial at the Supreme court to either support or do whatever was necessary in connection with his confession. That is what is noted on page 185. MR BLACK My understanding of "bevestig" is confirm under oath. ADV SANDI Can this be - I understand the relevant Section of the Criminal Procedure Act, would be Section 217? Can this document then be referred, can it be regarded as a confession in terms of those requirements of that Section? MR BLACK All I have in my possession is what was handed to me today. I don't want to really go into the nitty gritty of it, but it would appear that in the old days, the usual form followed before a Magistrate seemed to have appeared, questions put to him, were put to him by a Magistrate and apparently interpreted and he then signed it. But it would appear that at the trial, he did not confirm this under oath. MR HATTINGH Mr Chairman, the way I understand it is it is never necessary to confirm a confession under oath at a trial. Once the admissibility thereof is proved, it is proved without the assistance of the accused. He doesn't have to admit or confirm it under oath at the trial, to give it its legal value. MR PATEL Mr Chairman, may I just make a request here, I am concerned, I am very concerned because I don't represent Mr Gushu, but I have ten applicants to come. In a normal trial, you are requested or it is normal procedure to disclose to your colleagues beforehand what documents you are going to use. The reason for that, whether it doesn't deal with the admissibility or otherwise, of the document. One of the reasons would be that I could address you or Mr Black could address you on the document itself. He is arguing in the air, and so would I without the document in front of us. What really gives raise to concern here is the following. Mr Hattingh says to this Committee that he is objecting and the way on which he proposes to do so is to use pieces of evidence. I have no idea what these pieces of evidence are and I should be in a position to anticipate what these pieces of evidence are. More particularly when we are dealing with an application of this sort, where the word full disclosure has been bandied around for some time. This sort of disclosure is even proper in an ordinary civil matter. The other thing that concerns me is the basis of the opposition. We are not at all certain at this stage as to what exactly the basis is. It gives raise to even further concern. It is obvious that Mr Hattingh sits with this confession, at some stage I am not sure, but it appears at least by this morning, he was fully aware that he was going to, his intention was to cross-examine this particular witness on this document. Yet, we are not made privy to that document prior to him attempting to use it. This is in essence an application then by ambush, because we have had no opportunity whatsoever to prepare for what is coming, and it is highly prejudicial to the clients, to the applicants. My concern is I have ten applicants to come, I don't know what the pieces of evidence are, nor do I know what the basis of the opposition is. As it pleases the Committee. ADV BOSMAN Just on a more or less technical point. The fact that the confession formed part of the trial proceedings, does that not make it a public document of which you as legal representatives can take judicial notice? MR PATEL Madam, my problem is this. I have not seen the document. ADV BOSMAN I understand your problem. I am perhaps looking at it a bit legalistically and then we can move to a solution, but from a purely, strictly legal point of view, it is a public document to which every legal representative here would be entitled, do you agree with that? MR PATEL I agree with that. ADV BOSMAN As soon as Mr Hattingh became aware of the document, and as soon as it came into his possession, yes, I think it may be argued Mr Hattingh should have given proper notice to both the Committee and his colleagues, and he does give raise to concern that we are not making progress in this matter. Perhaps this is a matter which we should leave to the Chairman. MR PATEL Let me just add which I have forgotten. During the course of this morning, Exhibit A as I understood, the piece of the Citizen was understood, I was furnished with another batch of documents this morning which I presume is going to be used at some stage, by somebody. This morning, during the course of the proceedings. These documents I have numbered, number 48 pages. Am I suppose to read these documents, listen to the evidence at the same time, anticipate what is going to be used from here? It is just not on. MR HATTINGH If I may respond, my bedside manner may be lacking, I had no intention of doing something which is incorrect. The same bundle that Mr Patel is talking about, is the bundle which I also received this morning. That same bundle which was distributed. I did see it beforehand, but it was taken back from me at some stage when there was still some problem whether it should be made available to us or not. But at the same time it was made available to me, it was made available to Mr Patel. Mr Patel, the way I understand it, he does not represent the applicant and for that reason, I did not go out of my way to discuss it with him beforehand. However, as far as Mr Black is concerned, I had it that the same firm of Attorneys attended to this matter at both the criminal trial as well as the application now, and I just thought that if they were to prepare for this matter, then they might as well look at their, what happened at the criminal trial because that is all, this application is about, is where this applicant was convicted on what happened at the criminal trial. Then they obviously should have a look at whatever happened there including the confession as well as the pointing out. MR PATEL Mr Chairman, I don't want to labour this point. CHAIRPERSON It appears that what I had to say just after lunch, fell on deaf ears. What is happening now here is a exercise that is creating tension where it shouldn't be. I asked very honestly for representatives to assist us in this - it certainly isn't happening. We have to be realistic in this whole issue and Mr Hattingh, I raised the issue with you just now. From my interpretation of this Act, I think it is designed to be conducive to reconciliation rather than the opposite effect. While people may feel morally bound to oppose, it is my view that there must be concrete reasons for doing so and that goes for both sides of the divide. I am rally concerned that your instructions were such and you have to carry out your instructions as far as you can, was to come and oppose but really you are not given any reason, concrete reason to come and oppose. Perhaps you are expected to go through a full blooded opposition, I just want to remind everybody that that is not the intention of the Act. Now, can you refer me, I know you have asked me to make a ruling, and while you people have been talking and being spoken to, I have tried to locate a Section of the Act which deals with the submission of documents. I am unable to find an appropriate Section to deal with this matter. Can anybody help me? MR HATTINGH Mr Chairman, if I may just interrupt, it is almost half past three, I thought it was half past four. I may just add that this applicant is one of two perhaps three more important applicants that I would be dealing with at this hearing. This issue at stake at the moment, is very important to me. If need be, I would request an opportunity, I haven't done so before, but I would request an opportunity if we are not going to allow this, or I don't want to jump the gun, but it is so important to me that I would then request an opportunity to really study the whole issue and then make propositions to you as to on what basis one can either admit it or not admit it. CHAIRPERSON You want till tomorrow morning? MR HATTINGH I would appreciate it, yes. CHAIRPERSON Mr Black, are you going to prepare argument also? MR BLACK I will prepare, I won't be able to have written argument, but I certainly will attend to this issue Mr Chairman. CHAIRPERSON I want you people to deal specifically with the following: Whether this Act makes provision for the admission of such a document, similar to that is to be found in the Criminal Procedure Act; to what extent or which law present, the law that was applicable then, the one appropriate to decide on the admissibility of that document. In the event of the contents of that statement of the document, being denied or the truth thereof, or in any way contest that it has been involuntarily, what would be the status of that document now, given the fact that there is no procedure similar to that of the Criminal Procedure Act in the Act with which we are busy with. The last point, to what extent are persons willing to oppose an application, allowed to come and argue without concrete reasons to do so? ADV SANDI I am not sure if you have dealt with that one specifically. I think the other question would be if this document is accepted, what would be its status? Would it be accepted as a confession or an admission in the event of it being accepted, what is its status? ADV BOSMAN Possibly the same question that my colleague has raised, the evidential value of the document I think is really crucial. ADV SANDI And can common law, the provisions of common law and not the specific statute that we are referring to here, that is the Criminal Procedure Act and the TRC Act, whether a common law has any answer for this type of situation. CHAIRPERSON Is it possible for us to have a copy of that document, just to peruse in the meantime? Shall we adjourn until 9 o'clock tomorrow morning? COMMITTEE ADJOURNS