amntrans AMNESTY HEARING 1999-02-01 METHODIST CHURCH, JOHANNESBURG 1 MBUSI PASSION MBATHA https://sabctrc.saha.org.za/hearing.php?id=53169&t=&tab=hearings https://sabctrc.saha.org.za/originals/amntrans/1999/99020118_jhb_990201jh.htm CHAIRPERSON ADV GCABASHE Advocate Leah Gcabashe. MR SIBANYONI MR SHANE ADV STEENKAMP CHAIRPERSON Mr Shane there were some colleagues of yours who were present earlier today. What has happened to them? MR SHANE Sir there are a few who are present. They are all in fact present today, in the gallery, sir. CHAIRPERSON MR SHANE This is the matter of ...(intervention) CHAIRPERSON MR SHANE That is the reason, sir. ADV STEENKAMP MR SHANE CHAIRPERSON His three applications, does it refer to the same incidents, or offences for which he applies? MR SHANE Sir, in fact, the first application in fact deals with the offences that he will apply for, that is murder. The other applications are of a general nature. The second one, because of its generality, will also cover the application murder or attempted murder. The other acts mentioned do not consist of gross violations of human rights, but he will deal with them, because he is testifying on them, sir. CHAIRPERSON MR SHANE MR SHANE CHAIRPERSON Is it, or are these two murders in the first application those incidents or offences, which would be referred to in the second application? MR SHANE No sir. CHAIRPERSON Well Mr Shane it is beyond me how an affidavit could not have been typed and signed between Saturday morning and this morning, but be that as it may. Is it not possible to have it done before this applicant is finished with his evidence? MR SHANE Well sir, I think it would be possible. It might. CHAIRPERSON MR SHANE CHAIRPERSON MR SHANE CHAIRPERSON Where would I find his application? MR SHANE CHAIRPERSON MR SHANE No sir, not at all. CHAIRPERSON Mr Mbatha. Mr Shane could you ask your client to - Mr Mbatha what language would you prefer to use? MR MBATHA Zulu. CHAIRPERSON MR MBATHA No objection, sir. CHAIRPERSON MBUSI PASSION MBATHA (sworn, states) CHAIRPERSON Please be seated. Yes Mr Shane. EXAMINATION BY MR SHANE Thank you. Mr Mbatha, you are applying for amnesty for the crime of murder on one Beki Khanyile. Is that correct? MR MBATHA Yes, that is correct. MR SHANE You did, in your application, erroneously mention a killing of a Stephen Radebe. Is that correct? MR MBATHA Will you please repeat the question, sir. MR SHANE In your original application for amnesty which you made on the 10th of May 1997, you also mentioned the killing of one Stephen Radebe. Is that correct? MR MBATHA I was not present during that incident. MR SHANE That is erroneously written on by the person who assisted you to complete your application? MR MBATHA Yes, that is correct. MR SHANE Can you tell the Commission you were, is it correct that you were a member of the African National Congress, as well as a member of the Self-Defence Unit at the Tambo Slovo Penduka section of Tokoza? MR MBATHA Yes. MR SHANE When did you join the Self-Defence Unit? MR MBATHA I cannot remember the date. MR SHANE The year? MR MBATHA It was in 1992. MR SHANE This person, Beki Khanyile, who you killed. Can you tell the Commission about him? That is, that will say, his political affiliations. CHAIRPERSON Well, make it easier, why did you kill him? MR SHANE Can you answer that question? Why did you decide that you were to kill Beki Khanyile? MR MBATHA He was an IFP member. MR SHANE Was that common knowledge? MR MBATHA Yes, that was common knowledge. Anyone who was in Tambo section knew that information. MR SHANE Now, what else besides being an IFP member, what did he do for the IFP? MR MBATHA He was also a taxi driver of the hit squad. He used to drive vehicles where there would be IFP members inside. MR SHANE Right. Now, that was also common knowledge? CHAIRPERSON Sir, Mr Shane could you just give the technician a chance just to MR SHANE Right, now before Beki Khanyile was killed, will you please tell the Commission ...(intervention) CHAIRPERSON MR SHANE Will you please repeat what the deceased Beki Khanyile did besides being a member of the IFP. That is, in connection with his driving of hit squads. Will you repeat that please. MR MBATHA I said he used to drive the hostel kombis. He used to drive vehicles for IFP members. MR SHANE MR MBATHA IFP members wanted us to join IFP, and they wanted us to sign the IFP forms, and we were running away from them. They were forcing us to do all those things and they wanted to harass the parents. MR SHANE MR MBATHA MR SHANE MR MBATHA MR SHANE MR MBATHA My family house was not the only house that was occupied. They occupied the whole area. MR SHANE MR MBATHA Yes, that is correct. MR SHANE Now, it was during 1993 when Beki Khanyile was killed, in fact in December. Is that correct? MR MBATHA I cannot remember when. I cannot remember the date. MR SHANE Will you tell the Commission what happened on that day. You were patrolling in the street ...(intervention) CHAIRPERSON Before we carry on. Mr Steenkamp, have we got a date? ADV STEENKAMP MR SHANE Will you please tell the learned Commissioner and learned members what happened when you were patrolling in the street in Tokoza, in your own words. MR MBATHA Do you want to know what was happening? MR SHANE I want to know what happened vis a vis the murder of Beki Khanyile. MR MBATHA We were patrolling the streets at Buthelezi Street. When we came from the office Beki was already captured by the other members of SDU who knew what he was, what he was doing. MR SHANE This office, are you referring to a house in Tokoza which was used by the Self-Defence Unit as an office? MR MBATHA Yes, that is correct. MR SHANE And is it in this house where the Self-Defence Unit kept their AK-47 weapons? MR MBATHA Yes, that is correct. MR SHANE You, after you were patrolling you say you arrived at this office, which you call an office, and the deceased was already there. Is that correct? MR MBATHA Will you please repeat the question, sir. MR SHANE After you were patrolling, you went to the SDU office, and at that office you found the deceased, Beki Khanyile. Is that correct? MR MBATHA Yes, that is correct. MR SHANE And he had been brought there by other members of the Self-Defence Unit? MR MBATHA Yes, that is correct. MR SHANE Will you tell what happened after you saw him in this office. MR MBATHA He was already there when we arrived. The, as the Inkatha people were our enemies we knew that if we found one IFP member that person should be killed. MR SHANE Yes. CHAIRPERSON So what happened? MR MBATHA We found Beki Khanyile there in the office. He was going to be killed because he was an IFP member, the members, the organisation, the member of the organisation that was regarded as bad people. MR SHANE Now he was being guarded by other SDU members. Is that correct? MR MBATHA Yes, that is correct. MR SHANE Who were those members who were guarding him? MR MBATHA It was quite a large number of people. All the SDU members were there because that was a place where they used to meet. MR SHANE Right, and ...(intervention) ADV GCABASHE Mr Mbatha, - sorry Mr Shane, give us an idea as to how many members were there, you found there. MR MBATHA I cannot be able to estimate because it was quite a number, a large number of people. ADV GCABASHE So if I just said 30, 50, is that the type of number you are thinking of? MR MBATHA From 50 upwards. ADV GCABASHE Who was your commander? MR MBATHA Muchacho was the commander at that time. ADV GCABASHE Was Muchacho there? MR MBATHA Yes, he was present. ADV GCABASHE And the area we are talking about is Tambo Slovo, so Muchacho was commander of Tambo Slovo? MR MBATHA Yes, he was the commander of Tambo Slovo. ADV GCABASHE Thank you. Thank you Mr Shane. MR SHANE Now, in that office you took an AK-47. Is that correct? MR MBATHA Yes, that is correct. MR SHANE What did you do with that AK-47? MR MBATHA I shot him. MR SHANE Can you remember where you shot him? Where the bullet landed? MR MBATHA No, I cannot remember, because it was dark. CHAIRPERSON Where did you aim it? MR MBATHA I aimed it at his body. CHAIRPERSON Which part of his body? MR MBATHA In front, in his front part of his, in the front part of his body. CHAIRPERSON How do you know it was the deceased there at that house when you arrived? Could you see? MR MBATHA Will you please repeat the question, sir. CHAIRPERSON When you arrived there you say you saw the deceased. MR MBATHA Yes, I saw him. CHAIRPERSON Were you able to identify him? MR MBATHA Yes, I could identify him. CHAIRPERSON MR MBATHA It was not dark because he was in the house and the light was on. CHAIRPERSON Now, when you shot him, you say it was too dark to say where on his body he was injured. MR MBATHA Yes. We shot him outside the Nkatije School, it was in the veld. Nkatije LP School. CHAIRPERSON So he was transferred from that house to a school yard for the purposes of killing him? MR MBATHA It was not in the school yard, just between the two schools. CHAIRPERSON Where it was dark? MR MBATHA Yes, it was dark there. MR SHANE How many shots did you fire? MR MBATHA MR SHANE After you fired your shots, what did you do, with your weapon? MR MBATHA I handed it over to Ernest Buthelezi, who was also a member of SDU. MR SHANE Is Ernest Buthelezi also know as Mzwake? MR MBATHA Yes, that is Mzwake. MR SHANE What did Mzwake do? MR MBATHA He took the firearm and he shot. MR SHANE He shot the same person? Beki? MR MBATHA Yes. MR SHANE And then what did he do after he shot Beki? MR MBATHA He handed it over to Muchacho. MR SHANE Yes, and what did Muchacho do? MR MBATHA He also fired. MR SHANE MR MBATHA Yes, that is correct. MR SHANE But you were the one who fired the most shots. Is that correct? MR MBATHA Yes. MR SHANE Did you, or do you ...(intervention) CHAIRPERSON What was the purpose of different people shooting the same person? MR MBATHA The treatment that they gave to us, we just felt like we should just kill them, we had no alternative, it was the anger. CHAIRPERSON No, I can accept that, or understand it, but the point is that you shot a number of shots into his chest. Why did other people have to shoot him as well? MR MBATHA It is because they were victims of harassment. CHAIRPERSON MR MBATHA Maybe they can respond to that question themselves. CHAIRPERSON Why did you give the firearm to Mzwake? MR MBATHA MR SHANE Did you, after firing your shots, did you tell Mzwake or Muchacho that they should also shoot the deceased, or did you not say anything? MR MBATHA I did not tell them to do it. MR SHANE So is it correct that you had absolutely no control over their actions whatsoever? MR MBATHA No. MR SIBANYONI Excuse me Mr Shane. Mr Mbatha, after you shot the deceased, did he die immediately, or was he still alive when Mzwake took the firearm? MR MBATHA MR SIBANYONI But after you shot at him, did he fall down immediately, or was he still standing? MR MBATHA He fell. He looked like someone who was trying to stand up. MR SIBANYONI Thank you. MR SHANE Sir do you think that you had any other alternative in doing what you were doing? In other words, did you have a choice of not shooting the deceased? MR MBATHA I did not have an alternative. I was forced to do it. MR SHANE MR MBATHA MR SHANE Did you have any general orders from the commanders of the Self-Defence Units to kill IFP members and informers and drivers? MR MBATHA MR SHANE Was there a general order from your commanders in the Self-Defence Unit, that IFP members should be killed? MR MBATHA After running away from that section were fighting, all of us, we were fighting the IFP. No-one commanded anything. MR SHANE MR MBATHA Are you talking about this incident, things that are connected to this incident? MR SHANE That is correct. MR MBATHA There is nothing else. MR SHANE MR MBATHA What I did, I feel very bad about this incident, but I did not have an alternative. I had no choice. There was nothing else to do. I feel sorry. MR SHANE Now, if I might just mention this, we are coming to another situation where the party that you support, the African National Congress, is fighting and election and fighting against the IFP this year. Can this happen - do you think this can happen again, for this election that is coming? ADV GCABASHE Mr Shane, just so that I can understand the question ...(intervention) MR MBATHA No, we are at peace now, that will never happen again. MR SHANE That is evidence Mr Chairman. Thank you. NO FURTHER QUESTIONS BY MR SHANE CROSS-EXAMINATION BY ADV STEENKAMP Mr Chairman, if you would allow me one question to the applicant. Mr Mbatha, maybe I have missed it, but can you tell us what happened to the body of Mr Khanyile? MR MBATHA Will you please repeat the question. ADV STEENKAMP Do you know what happened to the body of the deceased after he was killed? MR MBATHA We dispersed after the shooting. ADV STEENKAMP I will read for you: "...IFP driver shot with an AK-47 and burnt" "...some decided to kill him. He was burnt, as a lesson." MR MBATHA After the shooting we dispersed. Maybe the other comrades who were there after the killing did that. That is Ernest and Muchacho. I did not go back to the scene. I last saw him after the shooting. CHAIRPERSON How do you know - let me put it this way, as is contained in your application, is it true that his body was burned? MR MBATHA That is the information that I got later. CHAIRPERSON So you heard that this had happened? MR MBATHA Yes. ADV STEENKAMP NO FURTHER QUESTIONS BY ADV STEENKAMP ADV GCABASHE Thank you Judge. Mr Mbatha, just a bit of clarity on one or two points. You joined the SDU in 1992. Can you try and work out very roughly for us, just to estimate, whether this incident occurred in 1992, which is the year you joined, or the following year, in 1993. Just can you attempt to do that? MR MBATHA I need time to think about it. I cannot remember. ADV GCABASHE "...both attacked on the same day." Now, think about this. December 1993. 1994 was the election year. Would this have been an accurate recollection? Just help us through that. MR MBATHA Yes before the elections was in 1993. ADV GCABASHE MR MBATHA Yes, that could be accurate, if my memory serves me well. ADV GCABASHE Now, your house in Tambo Slovo, the house that you were forced to move out of, where exactly was that house? Just give us the nearest main street. MR MBATHA It was in Khuamlo Street. ADV GCABASHE Now would that have been very close to one of the hostels, on Khumalo Street? MR MBATHA Yes, it was nearer to Mshayazafe Hostel. ADV GCABASHE You say that your parents were forced to leave this house essentially because they feared for the whole family. Yes? MR MBATHA Yes. ADV GCABASHE MR MBATHA Do you mean after they had run away? ADV GCABASHE No, as one of the reasons that they moved from the house. MR MBATHA No, they did not know. ADV GCABASHE You talked about your, the office, the SDU office. Where exactly was this, in Tambo Slovo? MR MBATHA It was in Slovo. ADV GCABASHE Now, I have a bit of a difficulty in following through the incident you relate, from the time you arrived at the office to the time that Beki was killed. Am I right in assuming that the distance from the office to the veld, where he was killed, is quite a long distance? MR MBATHA ADV GCABASHE How did you get from the office to the veld. Did you walk in a group, as part of a group? Did a few of you get into a vehicle? Just take us through that. MR MBATHA We walked to the veld, because it was not far away. ADV GCABASHE Did the entire group walk to the veld, or did very few, including yourself, Muchacho and Mzwake, walk to the veld? Just take us through that. How many people were there? MR MBATHA The whole group of SDU members were there. ADV GCABASHE The firearm that you used, did you personally take it at the office, or was it given to you when you got to the veld? Help me with that. MR MBATHA I took the firearm in the office. ADV GCABASHE MR MBATHA No. ADV GCABASHE Now, Muchacho MR MBATHA ADV GCABASHE So you are saying there was a short discussion at the office, and at the end of that short discussion you and Muchacho volunteered to do the killing. Would that be correct? MR MBATHA Yes, because we were the people who pulled the trigger. ADV GCABASHE And it was the general consensus of the group, after that discussion, that Beki was going to be killed? MR MBATHA Yes, that is correct. ADV GCABASHE Muchacho as your SDU leader in that particular section, did he essentially lead all of you in this discussion and then later on in the killing as well? In terms of giving orders or giving guidance as to what has to be done. MR MBATHA No, we left all of us, no-one discussed anything with anyone and he did not give orders. ADV GCABASHE Alright. A slightly different area. Are there any other SDU activities that you were involved in at Tambo Slovo? I think, for example, patrols. Were you involved in that at all? MR MBATHA ADV GCABASHE Patrols that involved harassing and sometimes assaulting, even in the most minor way, the people who you were dealing with? MR MBATHA No. ADV GCABASHE Thank you Mr Mbatha, thank you Chair. MR SIBANYONI MR MBATHA Yes, that is correct. MR SIBANYONI MR MBATHA I cannot remember who. It was quite a large number of us. MR SIBANYONI MR MBATHA Yes, he was present. MR SIBANYONI MR MBATHA The reason for me not to mention him, I know that he is in this case, he is around. MR SIBANYONI MR MBATHA MR SIBANYONI For how long have you been patrolling together when this incident took place? MR MBATHA Patrolling as SDU members, is that your question? MR SIBANYONI Yes. MR MBATHA I cannot remember. It was quite a long time, I cannot remember because we used to patrol day and night. MR SIBANYONI Was it about six months, or about a year? MR MBATHA I think it was more than 12 months, or, it was more than 12 months. I am not sure as to the period, but it was a long time, it was happening, had been happening for a very long time. More than a year, approximately. MR SIBANYONI Now lastly on this issue, if that was the case, you have been patrolling together for more than a year, and there were about 50 people at that house, obviously you will remember some of them. MR MBATHA Do you want to know the date when we started patrolling, or on that particular day when, I do not understand your question? CHAIRPERSON MR MBATHA CHAIRPERSON MR MBATHA Yes. CHAIRPERSON MR MBATHA Yes. CHAIRPERSON MR MBATHA ...(not translated) CHAIRPERSON Now you tell us you were not in the house, you were outside. ...(indistinct) MR MBATHA CHAIRPERSON Now, can you not tell us then, as far as you can remember, who else of the members of that SDU was present at the house, either with you outside, or near the door, or inside under the light? MR MBATHA I remember Gamsu, he is now late, and Thabo, and Manelo and some of them are now late. Those are the people that I can remember. CHAIRPERSON So you only remember mostly dead people. MR MBATHA No, those are the only people that I can think of. CHAIRPERSON Are you trying to withhold the names of colleagues? MR MBATHA No. CHAIRPERSON Do you have difficulty remembering those who are alive today who were there? MR MBATHA No I cannot remember their names, those who are alive. CHAIRPERSON Are you able to tell us who were your colleagues patrolling that time? Not necessarily on that day, but during that period. MR MBATHA I used to patrol with Muchacho, Mzwake, Manelo. I cannot remember this other name. MR SIBANYONI Right, how was Beki transported from the house to the veld? MR MBATHA We walked with him. MR SIBANYONI Was he walking on this own? MR MBATHA We, he was walking by himself and the side, we were walking side by side with him and the others that I cannot remember their names. MR SIBANYONI Was he fastened, was he dragged, or was he just walking on his own? MR MBATHA No he was not tied, he was just walking. MR SIBANYONI Now on the last aspect. You say there was no order, nobody issued an order, that he must be killed. Was there but a decision that IFP members should be attacked? MR MBATHA That was obvious, that if we would come across the IFP members, those IFP members should be killed because they also had the same in mind. MR SIBANYONI At what stage was that decision taken? MR MBATHA MR SIBANYONI Did you then hold a meeting and decided that you will attack and kill any IFP member known in that area? MR MBATHA We took a decision that we are going to protect our community against harassment. MR SIBANYONI MR MBATHA No. MR SIBANYONI Thank you Mr Chairperson, no further questions. CHAIRPERSON Did you ever go into that house, that day when the deceased was ...(intervention) MR MBATHA CHAIRPERSON Inside the house? Not at the door, inside? MR MBATHA CHAIRPERSON Is that the furthest you went into that house that day? Before you took him to the shooting. MR MBATHA When I went inside it was when I went to fetch the firearm when we were about to kill him. CHAIRPERSON So you did go in. Not so? MR MBATHA I went in as I wanted to fetch the firearm, and we took him with. CHAIRPERSON So you agree you did enter deep into the house, and not just stood at the door? MR MBATHA I did not spend time, I just got into the house and took the firearm. Yes I got inside, and I took the firearm, and I left the house. CHAIRPERSON Where was the firearm held? MR MBATHA The firearm was in the dining room. CHAIRPERSON Was it in the same room as where you saw the deceased from the front door? MR MBATHA Yes. CHAIRPERSON Was it just laying on the floor, or on a chair, or on a table, or was it being held in a cupboard, or a safe, or what is the position? MR MBATHA It was on the floor. CHAIRPERSON Now what rank in the SDU did you hold? MR MBATHA I was just an ordinary SDU member without a rank. CHAIRPERSON Were you not supposed to - or let me ask you this. Did you just go fetch that firearm? MR MBATHA I took the firearm at the same time as they were taking him out to the veld that was next to the Nkatije school. CHAIRPERSON You went on your own to pick up that firearm? MR MBATHA That was the firearm that was going to be used. CHAIRPERSON Yes, but you did it on your own. MR MBATHA Yes, I took the firearm because it was time to go and kill Beki. CHAIRPERSON Who keeps control, or who kept control, over the firearms of that unit, or was everybody able to gain access to these firearms? MR MBATHA Will you please repeat your question sir. CHAIRPERSON Who in the unit had the power of control over all the firearms which the unit used from time to time? MR MBATHA Our commanders. CHAIRPERSON How many commanders were there in that unit? MR MBATHA Muchacho was the commander who was present at the time. CHAIRPERSON Were you not supposed to obtain permission from him to fetch that firearm? MR MBATHA I was not supposed to get permission from him, because I knew what Beki was all about and the other people knew also. There was no reason for us to wait for a command because we knew him very well. CHAIRPERSON MR MBATHA CHAIRPERSON Is your commander an applicant in this matter? MR SHANE He is, Mr Chairman. CHAIRPERSON Are you on speaking terms, or have you made attempts to visit, the family of the deceased, since his death? MR MBATHA No. CHAIRPERSON Why not? MR MBATHA That did not occur to us, because Beki was an IFP member. CHAIRPERSON Are you, is this senseless war between, or in that area, not over? MR MBATHA It is over. CHAIRPERSON MR MBATHA That is why I came forward here to apply for amnesty and ask for forgiveness from Beki his family. CHAIRPERSON Are you prepared to go to them afterwards, now to say how sorry you are and to see if they will forgive you? MR MBATHA CHAIRPERSON And to become friends? In the circumstances. MR MBATHA Yes. CHAIRPERSON It seems that that, that fight at the time, was related to possibly the elections that occurred shortly thereafter. Am I correct? Maybe there were other reasons, but the elections was also ...(indistinct). MR MBATHA CHAIRPERSON MR MBATHA I do not understand your question. What do you mean when you are talking about elections? CHAIRPERSON The 1994 elections, was four or five months, four months, after this killing. And we have done a couple of these matters before. In my view there was a relationship between that war and the elections. Do you understand? MR MBATHA Yes, I do understand, because IFP members were calling us ANC members and they killed a comrade. CHAIRPERSON MR MBATHA CHAIRPERSON MR MBATHA Yes, there is no need for war. CHAIRPERSON And would you oppose any fighting because of the elections? MR MBATHA Will you please repeat your question, sir. CHAIRPERSON Would you oppose any such attempt to cause damage to the people and to create a war, because of the elections? MR MBATHA CHAIRPERSON MR MBATHA CHAIRPERSON Yes, thank you. RE-EXAMINATION BY MR SHANE Mr Chairman, arising from your questioning, if I might just put two short questions to the applicant. Muchacho was your commander, correct? He was in charge of you. MR MBATHA Yes, he was the commander of Tambo section. MR SHANE And his orders you would have obeyed? MR MBATHA Yes, if that was rightfully done. MR SHANE Now when you went into the house or the office and you took the AK-47, Muchacho was present, is that correct? MR MBATHA Yes, he was present. MR SHANE Did Muchacho do anything to stop you from taking that AK-47? MR MBATHA No, he did not attempt to stop me, because he was also angry towards this person. MR SHANE So in other words, the fact that he did not stop you taking that AK-47, would you regard that as being similar to his approval of your actions? MR MBATHA Yes, that is correct. MR SHANE So you also, thus, were basically acting with his authority. MR MBATHA MR SHANE MR MBATHA Yes, that is correct. MR SHANE One last question. Let us assume that you were not there at all that day. Would Beki Khanyile still have died, do you think? MR MBATHA Yes, he would still be killed, because I was not the only person that I knew everything about Beki. I was not the only person that knew everything about Beki. MR SHANE That is all thank you Mr Chairman. NO FURTHER QUESTIONS BY MR SHANE CHAIRPERSON Thank you. WITNESS EXCUSED MR SHANE INTERPRETER MR SHANE CHAIRPERSON MR SHANE That is correct Mr Chairman, I am available for the rest of the week and I would, in the ...(intervention) CHAIRPERSON I need to know whether the order in which you people are going to lead your evidence, has that been agreed to as being the most appropriate? MR SHANE Sir I would submit that the most appropriate thing to do next is to call the person, Victor Mabaso, also known as Muchacho. CHAIRPERSON MR SHANE CHAIRPERSON MR SHANE Absolutely, it will not be in any way prejudicial to any of the applicants sir. CHAIRPERSON Is there a case that we can proceed with? MR SHANE I understand from my colleagues, I see they are at the back, they are debating it sir. If could we just find out from them? CHAIRPERSON COMMITTEE ADJOURNS