amntrans AMNESTY HEARING 1997-02-24 PRETORIA JACQUES HECHTER 1 JAN HATTINGH CRONJE, LEGINA MABELA, WILLEM WOUTER, MENTZ https://sabctrc.saha.org.za/hearing.php?id=54890&t=&tab=hearings https://sabctrc.saha.org.za/originals/amntrans/pta/pta.htm JUDGE MALL: ... and their dependants that if they do need the assistance of members of the R & R Committee, they should know who to contact. ADV MPSHE: That will be done Mr Chairperson. JUDGE MALL: Thank you. Are we ready to proceed? ADV MPSHE: Mr Chairman we are ready to start. It is a continuation in the matter of the five applicants. Mr Chairman as agreed in chambers, we are going to stick to the matters as mentioned for today, but I want to hasten to mention that inasfar as the Nietverdiend 10 matter is concerned, as I indicated in chambers and as it is indicated also on record, that the office of the Attorney General was to assist in the investigation pertaining to the determination of the identity of the deceased. Mr Chairman I have been in contact with the office of the Attorney General, they are aware of this sitting, I've set them with all the necessary documents, this morning I tried again to contact them to see whether they are on the way, but unfortunately I could not get through, I left messages on the cellphone, Mr Chairman. I then propose with respect that the Nietverdiend 10 matter be dealt with later and we continue with the schedule Mr Chairman. JUDGE MALL: Very well. PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG 3 BRIG CRONJE ADV MPSHE: Thank you Mr Chairman. Mr Chairman, we will then start with the first matter for the day, that is the killing of Joe Tsele. I will hand over to my learned friends for the applicants. ADV DU PLESSIS: Yes, thank you Mr Chairman. Mr Chairman before I start with the evidence pertaining to this matter, I just want to raise one aspect and that is that I undertook to provide the Committee with amendments to the applications pertaining to specific criminal offences. That entails a detailed reference to the sections of the Arms and Ammunitions Act, etc. I have compiled the amendments and I wish to hand them up to the Committee. Mr Chairman, I don't intend to deal with this at all. You will note that this is a compilation just containing a reference to each schedule and then to the paragraph where the offences are set out and then I have just listed the offences that should be added to the offences already contained in the applications. Thank you Mr Chairman. I then wish to call Brigadier Cronje. JAN HATTINGH CRONJE: (sworn states) EXAMINATION BY ADV DU PLESSIS: Mr Chairman, you will find this application on page 99 of the volume of Brigadier Cronje. Brigadier, do you have the particular page in front of you, page 99 in your application? BRIG CRONJE: Yes, I do have it in front of me. ADV DU PLESSIS: Brigadier, you may use the earphones if anyone asks questions in English. Brigadier Cronje, could you indicate to the Committee the nature and the particulars of this particular act. I will stop you and ask you questions when we want to add anything. PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG ADV DU PLESSIS 4 BRIG CRONJE BRIG CRONJE: This was during 1968 when Captain Crafford was a member of my staff and he made a presentation to me namely that he had heard from a variety of informants that Joe Tsele was the UDF organiser and that his house in Bophuthatswana was used as a transfer point for terrorists. And that from that house he planned acts of terror in South Africa and provided arms and food to terrorists. Subsequently I sent Mamasela to find if he could confirm this information, he returned to me and said that the information was in fact correct. ADV DU PLESSIS: Brigadier, can we stop at this point. Could you indicate or expand for the Committee somewhat on the particular acts in which Tsele was involved with regard to your testimony? Please expand somewhat on the safe house and the circumstances with regard to that. And in addition whether he was involved in any planning with regard to particular targets. BRIG CRONJE: As I have said Your Honour, he planned acts of terror from his home, he also used the house as a hiding place for terrorists. He was also involved in strikes and boycotts. ADV DU PLESSIS: Brigadier, were any arms passed through the house or kept in the house, what was your information in this regard? BRIG CRONJE: Information available to me was that Tsele knew where the caches of arms were and that he pointed out these particular places to the terrorists. Yes, these were arms caches. ADV DU PLESSIS: Can you remember whether the information was that Tsele was involved in any acts direct or indirect where people were killed? PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG ADV DU PLESSIS 5 BRIG CRONJE BRIG CRONJE: Yes, he was involved in such acts. I cannot remember any particular such acts, but the terrorists who stayed with him as far as our information went, were involved in such acts. ADV DU PLESSIS: Thank you, you may continue with the third paragraph. BRIG CRONJE: Myself, Captain Hechter, Mamasela and Captain Crafford, as well as a certain Bafana on a particular morning were driving in my official vehicle until we were some distance from Tsele's home, where we sent Mamasela and Bafana on to investigate the house and to determine whether any terrorists were present there. While we were waiting for them, the instructions were that if there were any people in the house, they had to return and inform us of the state of affairs. While we were there, we heard shots. Mamasela and Bafana returned and informed us that they had seen Tsele sitting in front of the television and that they had shot him. This was contrary to the instruction which I had given them. The instruction was not that they were supposed to shoot the person. ADV DU PLESSIS: Could you continue on the next page, this is page 100. If there is anything that you did not give testimony to with regard to, please indicate so. BRIG CRONJE: Tsele was involved in arson and strikes and labour union activities as well as the generalised destabilisation of the State and the purpose of this operation was to neutralise Tsele as well as other terrorists in Tsele's home if they were found there and, to neutralise this terrorist safe house. It was necessary to neutralise Tsele, since he was an activist engaged in a PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG ADV DU PLESSIS 5 BRIG CRONJE variety of crimes as mentioned above. It was in addition necessary to eliminate him in his home. In order to stabilise the area where he operated. In addition the purpose was to remove the use of the ANC of the safe house and other operations in this regard. ADV DU PLESSIS: ... as previously pertaining to the general motivation in respect of intimidation and the influence on White voters, etc, if I may take you Brigadier to page 109 in the middle of the page, if you could read it for the Committee until page 110. ADV DE JAGER: Only a moment please Mr du Plessis. Are you only not guiding the testimony because it is irrelevant or because you consider it as having been read? ADV DU PLESSIS: Mr Chairman as in October during the hearings at that time, some of the motivations in these particular acts concur and remain the same. This testimony has been provided at previous hearings and for this reason I will not present it again and again. You will note that the testimony from page 102 in the application through to 109, page 109, will provide exactly the same motivation with regard to certain actions in terms of intimidation etc. ADV DE JAGER: You want us to consider this as having been read in this case? ADV DU PLESSIS: As a matter of course yes, as I remember it was the position of the Committee that they didn't want to hear this testimony again and again. Certainly the testimony given in the written presentation is considered to be part of the political motivation. Thank you Mr Chairman. Brigadier, page 109, from the middle of the page, from PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG ADV DU PLESSIS 6 BRIG CRONJE the words "this action ..." BRIG CRONJE: The purpose of this action was to destabilise the ANC and other liberation movements against the then Government and it must be seen against the subsequent state of emergency with the purpose of combatting the state of terror and intimidation. The ANC and other liberation movements made an attempt to make the country ungovernable as part of their political revolt. The legal nature of the act is apparent from the information above. With regard to the purpose, the purpose was to eliminate an ANC supporter and terrorists and in addition to eliminate a safe house for terrorists. This act was necessary with the purpose of to eliminate an ANC organiser in view of the state of emergency and the war and the state of the security situation in the country. This was necessary because of the strategy of the SAP at that time against the ANC which attempted to destabilise the State. ADV DU PLESSIS: Was this act also a part of the anti-revolutionary, or counter-revolutionary approach of the State at that time? BRIG CRONJE: Yes, it was. ADV DU PLESSIS: Was the instruction in terms of which you acted, if you page to page 111, what were your instructions? It was because of the general instruction given by Brigadier Victor which is referred to in the general background as well as Marius Schoon's instructions with regard to which previous testimony has been given? BRIG CRONJE: Yes. ADV DU PLESSIS: I have no further questions. PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG ADV MPSHE 7 BRIG CRONJE NO FURTHER QUESTIONS BY ADV DU PLESSIS. JUDGE WILSON: Were you able to ascertain who actually killed Tsele? BRIG CRONJE: As far as I could determine from Mamasela, he and Bafana both shot Mr Tsele, or fired shots. JUDGE MALL: Yes, Mr Mpshe? CROSS-EXAMINATION BY ADV MPSHE: Thank you Mr Chairman. Mr Cronje, on page 99 of your application, you state that Tsele was a UDF organiser. Now my question to you is was this confirmed by yourself before you could undertake the operation? BRIG CRONJE: Yes Mr Chairman. We kept a file on Tsele and it was in fact confirmed. This file was compiled by some of my investigative officers and was comprised of information by informants. ADV MPSHE: May this file be made available to this Committee? BRIG CRONJE: These files were all destroyed, Mr Chairman. ADV MPSHE: Who destroyed them? BRIG CRONJE: This was subsequent to my retirement, there was a general instruction to do this. ADV MPSHE: In addition you gave testimony that you sent Mamasela to see whether he could confirm the information which he then did confirm, how did Mamasela confirm this, was this orally or in writing? BRIG CRONJE: He confirmed this to me orally. ADV MPSHE: You were satisfied with this information which he made available to you? BRIG CRONJE: Yes, I was satisfied by this information. ADV MPSHE: What distance from Mr Tsele's house did you park, you say it was some distance from the house? PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG ADV MPSHE 8 BRIG CRONJE BRIG CRONJE: It must have been about 300, 400 metres. ADV MPSHE: Could you see the house from where you were parked? BRIG CRONJE: No, we could not see the house and that is why I sent Mamasela and Bafana to the house. ADV MPSHE: Was it not necessary for yourself to keep the building in view in order to see what Mamasela was doing? BRIG CRONJE: No, I trusted Mamasela, it was the intention that he would return to me and tell me what he had found at the house. ADV MPSHE: You've said in addition that Mr Tsele was involved in arson and labour union activities, boycotts, etc. Could you tell this Committee what exact or particular acts of arson or which particular boycotts he arranged, or do you just have general information? BRIG CRONJE: This was general information gained, or rather information gained from the file. He worked for a particular company in Bophuthatswana from where he arranged boycotts and strikes. ADV MPSHE: Are you able to tell the Committee when and how he committed these acts of arson? BRIG CRONJE: No, I am unable to remember this. ADV MPSHE: Can you remember whether he was engaged in maybe five or six or ten or how many acts or arson? BRIG CRONJE: No, not at all. ADV MPSHE: Was he at any time involved in the organisation of boycotts? BRIG CRONJE: Yes, he was. ADV MPSHE: Could you mention any particular such events? Could you tell us which exact boycotts he engaged in? BRIG CRONJE: I cannot give you the dates or the particular PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG ADV MPSHE 9 BRIG CRONJE incidents, I cannot remember them. ADV MPSHE: This particular paragraph seems to me very general, we have to do with the life of a person and on very general information, this person was killed. Should this be enough for this Committee? BRIG CRONJE: No, this was not just general information, this was confirmed information, confirmed by informants. I also sent Mamasela with the intention of confirming the information in addition and all of this information was in fact confirmed. ADV MPSHE: This is what I am asking you, or what I am asking you is whether you can mention particular cases of arson or boycotts and you cannot remember this? BRIG CRONJE: This is 10 to 11 years ago and I cannot remember that far ago. This is not the only case in which I was involved, I had many cases in which I was involved. ADV MPSHE: I understand that, but for the purposes of this application, surely you must have made some effort to gain this information for the Committee. BRIG CRONJE: This information was available, I had told the Committee that this information had existed, it had been confirmed, also it had been confirmed that this was in fact a safe house for terrorists. I must mention that this was in Bophuthatswana, I could not trust the Bophuthatswana police to give us information or to assist us. Bophuthatswana at that time was an independent State. ADV MPSHE: How did you get involved in Bophuthatswana, were you invited to go and help there? BRIG CRONJE: No, as the information was made available to us, we acted on our own. I could not personally go and do PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG ADV MPSHE 9 BRIG CRONJE investigations there, we had to depend on information made available by our informants and also on Mamasela. We could not operate inside Bophuthatswana itself. ADV MPSHE: Nevertheless, this person was living in Bophuthatswana at that time? BRIG CRONJE: Exactly, and he planned these acts of terror from there inside South Africa. That is exactly why I am saying that he lived there and the operation was acted out in Bophuthatswana. ADV MPSHE: Were you invited by the then Government of Bophuthatswana to act there? BRIG CRONJE: No, we were not invited, we acted on our own without the knowledge of the then Bophuthatswana Government. ADV MPSHE: So did you enter Bophuthatswana at that time? BRIG CRONJE: Yes, we did. ADV MPSHE: No further questions, Mr Chairman, thank you. NO FURTHER QUESTIONS BY ADV MPSHE JUDGE MGOEPE: Page 99, the bottom thereof, the last sentence but one - "The instruction for Mamasela was to determine whether there were terrorists in the house and to call us if that was the case. It was not the intention that he should simply shoot the person." BRIG CRONJE: That is correct, Mr Chairman. JUDGE MGOEPE: Do I understand this to mean that the killing was in your view, premature? BRIG CRONJE: That is correct. Should there have been terrorists in the house, he would have called us and we would all have gone in together at that time. JUDGE MGOEPE: To do what? BRIG CRONJE: We would not have been able to arrest them, PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG 10 BRIG CRONJE it was the intention to shoot them. JUDGE MGOEPE: Now, had they not found any terrorists, would you have shot him or would you have given instructions that he be killed? BRIG CRONJE: No, he acted outside of his instructions. The instruction was not that he should have shot Tsele. JUDGE MGOEPE: Now if you first wanted to establish whether there were terrorists in the house before you could give instructions for his elimination, doesn't that suggest that you still wanted some more evidence before you could regard him as a legitimate target? BRIG CRONJE: No, Mr Chairman, we had already considered him and identified him as a target. But we would have preferred that there were terrorists in the house so that we would be able to eliminate them also. That is why my instruction was not to shoot the person in the absence of terrorists. JUDGE MGOEPE: What was the relevance of the presence of terrorists in relation to the question of eliminating him? BRIG CRONJE: Mr Tsele, from his house planned and organised acts of terror with those terrorists. For that reason we felt that we had to eliminate him because we were not able to arrest him inside Bophuthatswana. JUDGE MGOEPE: The decision to eliminate him - well let me put it this way, I am not so sure whether you thought of eliminating him subject to finding any terrorists in his house or whether the decision had finally in any case been taken to eliminate him, even before you went to the house to look for terrorists? BRIG CRONJE: No Mr Chairman, we would only have eliminated him if we found terrorists in his house. The intention was PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG 11 BRIG CRONJE to keep him alive and to allow him to continue with his activities so that at a later time we could find the terrorists with him, and eliminate all of them together. JUDGE MGOEPE: So had Mamasela and Bafana not acted rather prematurely in the way that they did, the deceased might still have been alive today, if subsequently no terrorists were to be found in his house at all? BRIG CRONJE: That might be possible, Mr Chairman. MS KHAMPEPE: Mr Cronje, I probably am not with you. What was the intention then of you, Captain Hechter, Mamasela, Crafford, Bafana - I mean you are talking of quite a number of people, what was the intention of going to Mr Tsele's house? BRIG CRONJE: The intention Mr Chairman was that if we were to have found terrorists in Mr Tsele's house, we would have shot them. MS KHAMPEPE: And your intention was to shoot Mr Tsele as well? BRIG CRONJE: Yes, we also would have eliminated him. MS KHAMPEPE: Did you believe on the reliability of the information that you had received from the informers, which information was later corroborated by Mr Mamasela, did you really believe in that information at that stage? BRIG CRONJE: I did believe this information Mr Chairman, because there were on numerous occasions, on every previous occasion in fact, Mamasela had told the truth and we trusted our informants. This was not the only case where they have provided us with information and we found that their information was always correct. MS KHAMPEPE: So you knew then that the house was used as a safe house for terrorists, you knew then that Mr Tsele was PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG 12 BRIG CRONJE engaged in the activities which you were told by both your informants and Mr Mamasela. What then was the reason for you to send Mr Mamasela and Bafana to establish information which you already had from a number of sources? BRIG CRONJE: Terrorists were not always in the house, sometimes they came to his house and immediately left again or simply passed through or by after they have planned an act of terror and then on occasion they had to return to his house. It was never possible to determine whether terrorists were going to be there on a particular moment. MS KHAMPEPE: Was it an act of negligence to have sent Mr Mamasela and Bafana armed with AK47's merely to investigate whether there were terrorists in the house or not? BRIG CRONJE: I sent them with the AK's so that if they were to have been noticed or found by anyone, they were able to defend themselves. MS KHAMPEPE: Why did you not proceed with the other activities that you had gone down there to do, why didn't you bomb the house? I mean you had information to eliminate both Mr Tsele and to eliminate the use of that house which was used as a safe house. BRIG CRONJE: I knew that if we eliminated Mr Tsele that particular house would not again have been used as a safe house. Since the terrorists would then have known that we were informed of the use of this house. JUDGE WILSON: You have told us that you trusted Mamasela to that stage. BRIG CRONJE: I did trust him. JUDGE WILSON: Did you carry on performing operations with him after this? BRIG CRONJE: I did, Mr Chairman. PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG 13 BRIG CRONJE JUDGE WILSON: Why, he had now proved himself to be unreliable, against your instructions he had killed a man, what action did you take against him? BRIG CRONJE: I took no action against him. He was a most reliable source of information and a good operative. I believed that this was a mere oversight on his part to shoot the person without having followed my instructions. JUDGE WILSON: A mere oversight, is that what you regarded the killing of a man as? BRIG CRONJE: (Tape ends....) ...namely that he had misunderstood my instructions. At that time I was unable to believe this since my instructions to him were very clear but I did indeed have to use Mamasela further. JUDGE WILSON: So he ignored your instructions and then lied to you, but you went on using him? BRIG CRONJE: Yes, Mr Chairman. JUDGE WILSON: Thank you. ADV DE JAGER: The purpose of the visit was not simply to eliminate or to do the elimination on that day? BRIG CRONJE: No, Mr Chairman. ADV DE JAGER: Was the intention to see whether on that particular occasion you would have been able to eliminate more than one of the freedom fighters and to eliminate a number of them, was that the intention? You've given testimony that your intention was rather to keep Tsele alive, for how long did you want to keep him alive? BRIG CRONJE: Our information was that there were terrorists passing through his house regularly and so we would have waited and would have kept his house under observation until there were terrorists. ADV DE JAGER: If you kept his house under observation, how PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG 13 BRIG CRONJE far would this house have been from your station? How quickly would you have been able to react? BRIG CRONJE: It would have taken us quite some time to react, but the terrorists normally stayed there for a day or two. ADV DE JAGER: What was the distance of this house from Vlakplaas? BRIG CRONJE: No, we did not operate from Vlakplaas. We operated from Pretoria to Bophuthatswana, about 50 kilometres, or so. ADV DE JAGER: I want to know the distance to the particular house. BRIG CRONJE: Yes, to the particular house that would have been the distance about. ADV MPSHE: Mr Cronje, is this not a case where we have circumstances where Mr Bafana and Mamasela simply had no instructions and were not able to carry out any act, when in fact they should not have killed the person? BRIG CRONJE: That is what I said, Mr Chairman. At that time they did not have particular instructions to eliminate this person, it was the intention that they had to first come back to me and report back to me with regard to what they had found at the house. MS KHAMPEPE: Just a further point Mr Cronje, if they had come back and reported to you that there were no terrorists, what would you have done? BRIG CRONJE: In that case we would have driven back to Pretoria without having done anything to Tsele. MS KHAMPEPE: After having come all the way from Pretoria in order to ascertain that kind of information, you are talking of senior policemen who were part of this operation PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG 14 BRIG CRONJE merely to investigate and assess whether there were terrorists in that house? Is that what you want us to believe? BRIG CRONJE: That was the case. Had there been terrorists, then one person would not have been able to engage in combat with them. We needed more men, we would not have been able to get people there quickly from a distance and that is why we all drove out there. JUDGE WILSON: But you've just told us that terrorists usually stayed there for a day, you could have kept someone watching the house, now you say oh, you couldn't have got there, you couldn't have done the 50 kilometres in time, what do you want us to accept? BRIG CRONJE: Mr Chairman, if the terrorists had been there, then the five of us would have gone in and shot them. Then I would not have driven back to Pretoria. JUDGE WILSON: And if someone had gone there, Mamasela had gone there alone and phoned you up, how long would it have taken you to do the 50 kilometres from Pretoria? BRIG CRONJE: Maybe three quarters of an hour. JUDGE WILSON: Now it has just been put to you, not knowing whether there was a target there or not, five policemen, including two comparatively senior policemen set off on this journey, is that what you are saying? BRIG CRONJE: That is in fact the case. JUDGE MALL: Any re-examination? ADV DU PLESSIS: Yes, thank you Mr Chairman. RE-EXAMINATION BY ADV DU PLESSIS: Brigadier, I just want to clarify the operation somewhat. The information which you received from Mamasela with regard to the particular address, when did you receive this information? Was it on PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG ADV DU PLESSIS 15 BRIG CRONJE that same day? BRIG CRONJE: On the same day of the operation, yes. ADV DU PLESSIS: Okay, so the information which you received on that day from Mamasela, what was this information? Did it simply confirm the particular address? BRIG CRONJE: It confirmed that the house was used as a safe house for terrorists and he also said to me that it was possible for terrorists to have been there the coming evening. ADV DU PLESSIS: When did you drive out? In the evening? BRIG CRONJE: Yes, it was that evening that we drove out. ADV DU PLESSIS: Brigadier, let's just go through this again. Your intention with regard to your action, if Mr Tsele had been there on his own, what would you action have been? BRIG CRONJE: We then would have done nothing and would have returned to Pretoria. ADV DU PLESSIS: And had there been, say, 10 armed terrorists with him in the house? BRIG CRONJE: We would then have gone in and shot. ADV DU PLESSIS: Would you have acted against armed terrorists and unarmed persons or against whom would you have acted? BRIG CRONJE: Normally if there are terrorists in the house they would have had firearms. ADV DU PLESSIS: In addition Brigadier, when you sent Mamasela and Bafana to scout the situation, what was the particular intention of this? BRIG CRONJE: The intention was to determine whether there were terrorists in the house. ADV DU PLESSIS: Brigadier would it have been normal in PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG ADV DU PLESSIS 16 BRIG CRONJE an operation like this to have sent Mamasela out on his own to determine whether there were persons and then to have phoned back and you would then have had to come out? BRIG CRONJE: No, that would not have been the case. I could not send Mamasela on his own with the knowledge, or the possibility that there might have been terrorists in the house. He would not have been able to act against them on his own. MS KHAMPEPE: Brigadier, you are saying that you would not have eliminated Mr Tsele if Mr Mamasela had come back to report that Mr Tsele was in the house if there were no other people in the house whom you would have classified as terrorists? Is that what you are saying? BRIG CRONJE: That is the case, yes. MS KHAMPEPE: On page 110 Mr Cronje, the purpose which you state is that you had to eliminate ANC supporters, activists who were involved in acts of terrorism and there had been information, and reliable information for that matter, that Mr Tsele was a high profile activist. So why would you not have eliminated him if Mr Mamasela had advised you of his presence there? BRIG CRONJE: For this reason Mr Chairman, I wanted to kill - to reach two objectives at the same time, I would very much have wanted to have also caught other terrorists with Tsele and for that reason we would have preferred to have waited until there were other terrorists present in the house. ADV DU PLESSIS: Brigadier, let's clarify this. If we look at this hypothetically, had Mamasela not shot Tsele and had come back to you and said Tsele was here on his own, then you would not have shot Tsele, is that correct? PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG ADV DU PLESSIS 17 BRIG CRONJE BRIG CRONJE: That is correct. ADV DU PLESSIS: Would you then on a further occasion have gone out to see whether Tsele and other terrorists were to be found in the house? BRIG CRONJE: I would have placed informants there to observe until there were terrorists in the house and then to have informed us. ADV DU PLESSIS: Would you then have acted against the terrorists? BRIG CRONJE: Yes. ADV DE JAGER: Mr Cronje, now I don't understand you very clearly. Why do you accept responsibility with regard to the death of Mr Tsele? Your instruction to Mamasela and Bafana was not that they were to have shot this man? BRIG CRONJE: These people were under my command, I was present and I believe that I was in fact an accessory to this act. I did not do anything thereafter to charge Mr Mamasela, so I was definitely, I regard myself as an accessory. ADV DE JAGER: Is that the basis on which you accept responsibility? BRIG CRONJE: Yes, sir. MS KHAMPEPE: ...that the additional factor, Mr Cronje, that you allowed Mr Mamasela to go and investigate and you did nothing to prevent him to go there without an AK47, which you probably could have foreseen that he might have used on Mr Tsele? BRIG CRONJE: I could probably have foreseen, but I could not have allowed him to go there unarmed with the knowledge that there were possibly terrorists there. ADV DU PLESSIS: Brigadier, at that stage was there a PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG ADV DU PLESSIS 17 BRIG CRONJE decision taken that Tsele, if other terrorists were to have been found in the house there, that he should be eliminated alongside with them? BRIG CRONJE: Yes. ADV DU PLESSIS: And Mamasela knew that? BRIG CRONJE: Yes, he did. ADV DU PLESSIS: Brigadier, you were asked with regard to Mamasela, did you do anything with regards to the fact that Mamasela was not acting with regard to your instructions? BRIG CRONJE: Of course I gave him a warning. ADV DU PLESSIS: And Brigadier, would Mamasela's actions at that stage, would they have enabled you to form an opinion that he was unreliable or not trustworthy? BRIG CRONJE: No, I did not see it as such. I trusted him. ADV DU PLESSIS: What was your experience at a later stage with him with regard to his reliability and trust? BRIG CRONJE: I had no reason to doubt him. ADV DU PLESSIS: Mr Chairman, would you just give me a moment please. Thank you Mr Chairman, I have no further questions. NO FURTHER QUESTIONS BY ADV DU PLESSIS JUDGE MALL: You are excused. WITNESS EXCUSED PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG ADV DU PLESSIS 18 CAPT HECHTER ADV DU PLESSIS: Mr Chairman, may I proceed? JUDGE MALL: Yes. ADV DU PLESSIS: I beg leave to call Captain Hechter on the same incident. ADV DE JAGER: Mr Mpshe, are any of the victims present in this case? ADV MPSHE: They are present. ADV DE JAGER: Have they got any representatives? ADV MPSHE: They do not have any representatives. ADV DE JAGER: And did you see them and what is their position? ADV MPSHE: Yes, I've seen them even in the previous hearings, I was always in contact with them. And they had indicated that they don't need any representatives. JACQUES HECHTER: (sworn states) EXAMINATION BY ADV DU PLESSIS: Thank you Mr Chairman. Captain Hechter, you have now heard the evidence of Brigadier Cronje. The evidence somewhat went further than what the application itself states and even your application states. Do you confirm the correctness of what Brigadier Cronje had said here? Could you please speak up? CAPT HECHTER: I agree with you, Mr Chairman. ADV DU PLESSIS: Captain Hechter, is there anything which you would like to add with regard to Brigadier Cronje's evidence? CAPT HECHTER: I could perhaps just elaborate on the circumstances at that stage in Kwandebele, I mean in Bophuthatswana. There were constant, serious consumer boycotts ...(intervention) ADV DU PLESSIS: Captain Hechter, could you just stop for PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG ADV DU PLESSIS 19 CAPT HECHTER a moment. You will find it in the application on page 259, I beg your pardon. CAPT HECHTER: There were constant consumer boycotts, transport boycotts and also we did not work with Joe Tsele specifically in my department, but his name surfaced in source reports that as someone who was involved in the organisation of such consumer boycotts. A lot of the busses were burnt at that time, people were forced, those who did go and work, were forced - or people who wanted to go and buy food and so forth were assaulted and Joe Tsele's name surfaced all over in these reports. Basically in the evening you could not really move around unarmed, if you were not part of the comrades culture. ADV DU PLESSIS: Captain Hechter the evidence was before, and also in the case of Brigadier Cronje before that, the files which contained the information were destroyed and that you have to rely on your memory? You have already testified that as far as certain aspects were concerned, that you cannot remember everything, but in this particular case, can you remember on which type of serious offences Mr Tsele was involved and if he was involved in the death of any persons? CAPT HECHTER: Chairpersons, we have to accept that these boycotts in most instances led to the death of innocent people. These are people who went to work, who worked in the Republic and when these bus boycotts were announced and any of these buses operated, they would be set alight and whoever was in the bus, would be stoned and seriously injured and generally they would be so badly intimidated that some of them would die. PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG ADV DU PLESSIS 20 CAPT HECHTER Some of them are impossible to remember because there were literally hundreds of these cases between Pretoria and the area where the bus was. This was at the bus depot. Tsele was living near the bus depot in Bophuthatswana. And it was a matter of there having been constant attacks and to remember them all is unfortunately impossible. It is also 10 to 11 years ago when these incidents took place. ADV DU PLESSIS: Captain Hechter, the action against this house and against Tsele, was it part of the State's anti-revolutionary action against liberation movements? CAPT HECHTER: Definitely. Tsele would have been eliminated at some stage, even if it wasn't that particular evening, it would have been at some other stage, but he would have been eliminated. ADV DU PLESSIS: I have got no further questions Mr Chairman. NO FURTHER QUESTIONS BY ADV DU PLESSIS JUDGE MALL: Mr Mpshe? CROSS-EXAMINATION BY ADV MPSHE: Thank you Mr Chairman. Mr Hechter, in this arson, boycotts were there any other activists in the same are who were doing the same things? CAPT HECHTER: Mr Chairman, we have to accept that there were other names, at this stage I cannot tell you who they are, where they were or when these incidents took place, it is very difficult to remember after 11 years. To remember any specific incidents and names in particular. ADV MPSHE: But you can tell us at that time it was Joe Tsele and so and so and so and so at that time? CAPT HECHTER: Joe Tsele's name surfaced so clearly because he was eliminated. He was targeted and eliminated, so if other activists were acting together with him, they weren't PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG ADV MPSHE 21 CAPT HECHTER as prominent, they didn't feature as prominently as he did and they weren't targeted to be eliminated. ADV MPSHE: Now the people that you said, the said activists you said you are going to check whether they were in there and if found, they would be killed, were they targeted? CAPT HECHTER: They were not activists, they were actually trained terrorists. Mr Tsele's house was used as a safe house and what happened in this instance is that returning terrorists would report to his house where they would get food and be informed of targets and where they would find their arms caches. And if we were to have found them there, we would all have gone in and we would have eliminated them all. That was the main objective of that evening. ADV MPSHE: Was Mr Tsele ever detained for any of these incidents mentioned by yourself, the arson, the boycotts and so forth? CAPT HECHTER: He was a subject of the Unit, he was did not fall under my direct field of expertise, so I did not work with Unions and if he was to have been dealt with, it would have been dealt with by the members of the Union Units. What I knew about Joe Tsele is, as I told you, the information which you got from your informants, sometimes overflowed and all that you did, is you would contact the Union Unit and after you rewrote your report from your informant, you sent them a copy and said that Joe Tsele was there when he was spotted in this meeting. So you would inform people from other disciplines, you would pick up their names and then you would merely inform the other Units. That is how I came to know about Joe Tsele, but I did not work with him directly. PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG ADV MPSHE 21 CAPT HECHTER ADV MPSHE: You were involved in the operation with Mr Cronje who told this Committee that there was a file but unfortunately this file has been destroyed. Did you have access to this file because you operated with him? CAPT HECHTER: I did not see that particular file myself. We were in the position that all our files are destroyed and this was done after we had left the Force. I had already left the Force when I heard about the destruction of these files. This was apparently done to protect our sources, that is why the files and all the information they contained, were destroyed. It must have come from a very high ranking senior officer in the South African police, or even higher, I do not know. Unfortunately I do not know and I have attempted to find out, but at this stage, nobody knows who issued the instruction. ADV MPSHE: You say that you joined this operation on this day on the basis of hearsay given to you? CAPT HECHTER: I received an instruction from Brigadier Cronje, who was my Commanding Officer, he said that I should come along. ADV MPSHE: But did you enquire from him what this operation entailed? CAPT HECHTER: Yes, he did tell me. We had a meeting where we were informed. I knew about Joe Tsele and he told me what was happening, he told me that there was information that that night there would probably be some terrorists at that house and if we were to find them there, we would eliminate them all and if not, we would go back and wait and see if they did not come at a later stage. Information came through, it is not to say that if they said tonight the people were there, that they were there. PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG ADV MPSHE 22 CAPT HECHTER You know, you obtain information which said that the terrorists were on their way, they should be there tonight and when you go up there, they weren't there. Then you would go back the following night, or you would make contact with your source and say look, I was there last night, the people aren't there, what is happening? You know we were in a war situation, that is not a matter of picking up the phone and phoning people quickly. Your sources aren't always readily available and we worked to the best of our ability on information which we received from our informants at that stage. ADV MPSHE: ... Tsele's house two days or three days after as you've just indicated, to check whether the terrorist were there? CAPT HECHTER: No, after he had been shot the terrorists would have avoided that house at all costs because it would have been spread throughout the Black township. ADV MPSHE: ... Joe Mamasela, Joe Mamasela that day? CAPT HECHTER: He was under Brigadier Cronje's command. ADV MPSHE: Did the Botswana Police or Botswana Internal Security Unit have knowledge about this? CAPT HECHTER: Not at all? ADV MPSHE: Why? CAPT HECHTER: They did not have any knowledge about our actions at all. ADV MPSHE: Why not? CAPT HECHTER: We did not work as closely with them at this level. ADV MPSHE: But surely you had to go and operate in another country? CAPT HECHTER: Yes, but we did not know them in this PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG ADV MPSHE 23 CAPT HECHTER instance. ADV MPSHE: Thank you Mr Chairman, no further questions. NO FURTHER QUESTIONS BY ADV MPSHE JUDGE WILSON: You and Brigadier Cronje have told us what a dangerous man this Tsele was, that is correct, isn't it? CAPT HECHTER: That is correct, Chairperson. JUDGE WILSON: If I understand you, you have told us more than the Brigadier had, that there were hundreds of people who were injured or killed as a result of the bus boycotts? CAPT HECHTER: That is correct, Chairperson. JUDGE WILSON: And this was going on all the time? CAPT HECHTER: That is also correct, Chairperson. JUDGE WILSON: And Tsele's house was being used as a safe house all the time, terrorists were coming through there, flocking back to the country? CAPT HECHTER: I came to know about that at the office that day for the first time, Chairperson. JUDGE WILSON: What I have difficulty in understanding is why you didn't go there immediately to eradicate Tsele, this danger, this constant danger to the country? Can you explain why? CAPT HECHTER: I understand your problem. Chairperson, if you eliminated one man and you had the opportunity - as our information which was brought to us on that day said that there was a possibility that there will be four or five or more terrorists who were going to come through. As I explained to Mr Mpshe, the information came through that Tsele was expecting men from the other side, those were people trained across the borders and that he was expecting them that evening. If we were to get there and the people were not there, PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG 24 CAPT HECHTER we would have withdrawn. If they were to have been there, we would have shot them all. If Mr Tsele was not eliminated that evening, he would probably at a later stage, we are not trying to reason away the fact that he would have been eliminated, even if it was at a later stage, but what remains a fact is that that evening, he would probably not have been eliminated if the terrorists were not there. He was eliminated by, let's call it an oversight on the part of Joe Mamasela. Perhaps he misunderstood the Brigadier, perhaps he thought that it was easier to shoot him. We cannot try and make you understand how he saw it, but what we know is when the Brigadier stopped us and said go and see what is happening there and come and report back. Then further decisions would have been taken as to what to do. JUDGE WILSON: What worries me is it appears from your evidence and Brigadier Cronje's that you were more interested in using this dangerous man Tsele as bait to get terrorists into his house than in eliminating him. That is the evidence you've both given. CAPT HECHTER: That may have been so, but that evening it was so. That evening we had information that the terrorists were coming, or that they were on their way so if we could have eliminated five or six terrorists together with Tsele, it would have been better than eliminating only Tsele. At that time the terrorists had come in, they had received the warning that Tsele was dead and we did not know who they were or where to trace them. So if we were to have found them at Tsele's house, it would have been so much better. JUDGE WILSON: And how long had Tsele been carrying on this PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG 24 CAPT HECHTER work of his, this boycotting, safe house? CAPT HECHTER: I cannot answer you about the safe house. The boycotts took place over a period of time, but as I said I do not know, it was not my forte, it was the Union Unit, we worked with different members and the labour Union Unit would have known the exact actions and from time to time I received the information from my informants and his name would have surfaced and I had received information that he was involved. But my people were not given the task of monitoring his movements. He was a subject of the labour unions and we had a specific Unit which dealt with union people. JUDGE WILSON: So you didn't really know very much about him? You heard rumours that there were going to be terrorists there that night and on the strength of this rumour, which was unfounded as it turned out, you went there as part of the Force that was going to hit? CAPT HECHTER: There was no need for me to know that, I was acting on instruction of my Commanding Officer, he gave me an instruction to accompany him and I accompanied him to go and perform a duty. MS KHAMPEPE: Mr Hechter, the instructions you received, was that if the trained terrorists were present in the house of Mr Tsele, you were to eliminate both Mr Tsele and the trained terrorists? CAPT HECHTER: That is correct Chairperson. MS KHAMPEPE: At that stage, had you discussed the modus operandi you would have used in the elimination? CAPT HECHTER: No Chairperson. We would have waited for Mamasela to have come back and explain to us how many persons there were, and where they were and then we would PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG 25 CAPT HECHTER have finalised the plan. We could not have finalised the plan under those circumstances before the time because you did not know what the exact circumstances were, you had to wait to find out what the circumstances were. After the circumstances were explained to us, we would have taken a decision as to what to have done. MS KHAMPEPE: But your intention was to eliminate them once that information had been received from Mamasela, there and then? CAPT HECHTER: Yes, there and then. MS KHAMPEPE: How were you armed? There were five officers some of which were senior officers. CAPT HECHTER: It is difficult to say, but I assume I would have been armed with an AK47 and I would also have had handgrenades - in all probability I would have had handgrenades in my possession as well. That is probably how I would have been armed. MS KHAMPEPE: Thank you. JUDGE MALL: Is there any re-examination? ADV DU PLESSIS: Thank you Mr Chairman. RE-EXAMINATION BY ADV DU PLESSIS: Captain Hechter, if we could just sketch a hypothetical situation. Let us assume you went out eight to ten times or more or slightly less, and each time the information was wrong and there were no terrorists in the house and it was only Tsele, would there have been a stage, and I am asking you to speculate, would there have been a stage where Tsele would have been eliminated on his own? CAPT HECHTER: In all probability, as a result of the information which was received in my office, where he was involved at the staging of these bus boycotts. I believe PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG ADV DU PLESSIS 26 CAPT HECHTER that that instruction would have been issued at a later stage that he should have been eliminated. ADV DU PLESSIS: And at that stage there was a decision? CAPT HECHTER: Definitely. We got together and said that if the terrorists were there, we would have eliminated them all and if there were no terrorists we would have waited for them. It was a golden opportunity to eliminate these terrorists together who had been trained. ADV DU PLESSIS; So his elimination was not something additional to the terrorists? The terrorists were not the main objective, he and the terrorists were the objective? CAPT HECHTER: I believe so. As I say it is difficult for me to explain, I did not take the decision, but from what I could deduce from the reports which I received from my informants was that Joe Tsele was extremely active in destabilising the transport system and staging consumer boycotts and so forth, which resulted in serious assaults on innocent people, his own people in the area. ADV DU PLESSIS: Thank you Mr Chairman. NO FURTHER QUESTIONS BY ADV DU PLESSIS. JUDGE MGOEPE: Captain we don't know whether the Bophuthatswana police did take any action against this person and at the time when you went out to go to his place, you had no information as to whether or not Bophuthatswana police had taken any action against him, did you? CAPT HECHTER: No, I had no information Chairperson. I don't know if the Brigadier had, but I did not have any information. JUDGE MGOEPE: Well, I am asking you now, would the fact that the Bophuthatswana as it was then, and the fact that they had their own security police, would the fact that they PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG 27 CAPT HECHTER did not take any action against him, would it not have shown that the reports you received about him might have been incorrect? CAPT HECHTER: We operated on a variety of independent sources, information from independent sources and, I would not like to criticise the Bophuthatswana police of the time, but they did not work much and in any case, they did not have anything to do with our problems in the Republic of South Africa, they had problems of their own, so they would not have acted as such against persons who were causing problems in the Republic of South Africa. We had very little contact with them, with the police or the Security Branch and what I know is, while I was a Detective, one would go to the police station and say that you were looking for Joe Tsele and that they would give you someone who could accompany you to go and look for this person. This is the type of cooperation which we had with them. We did not have great cooperation, so I would not know if they had taken any action that night or not. JUDGE MGOEPE: But are you saying that the reports you had about him, were only in regard to incidents which took place in the Republic of South Africa? CAPT HECHTER: No, no, the buses were burnt inside and outside the depots, around the depots and also on the Republic of South Africa's side. And normally as people would come back from work, they would be assaulted or in the morning while they were on their way to work in the Republic, information which surfaced said that he was in control or in charge of this boycott. JUDGE MGOEPE: In those instances you would get reports that those incidents ... (intervention) PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG 27 CAPT HECHTER CAPT HECHTER: As I said to you, I did not specifically work with Union matters. What happened is, for example if you found a target you would instruct your informants to monitor this person as thoroughly and for as long as possible and to try and infiltrate his organisation and become part of his activities so that they could tell you exactly what was happening there. I did not work with the Union Unit, but at that stage I had informants. JUDGE MGOEPE: I know you didn't work with the union, but I am just troubled by the fact that shouldn't you people before deciding on whether on not somebody should be killed, shouldn't you at least compare notes with the Security, your colleagues in Bophuthatswana, to confirm certain things? I mean you knew they had their own security system. CAPT HECHTER: That is correct. We did not work with them, there was no cooperation. There was no close working relationship with the Bophuthatswana police. JUDGE MGOEPE: That would have been one of the best ways to establish the veracity of some of the allegations that were made against him. CAPT HECHTER: That may be so but we had no reason to doubt our informants. JUDGE MGOEPE: Well you might have had no reasons to doubt your informants, but you had every reason to confirm the reports on the strength of which you would have to take a decision whether somebody should die or live. CAPT HECHTER: It was not my decision. JUDGE MGOEPE: Well didn't you ordinarily expect that that sort of thing be done? CAPT HECHTER: I accept that Brigadier Cronje's information was such, I did not see the file or the docket in which such PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG 28 CAPT HECHTER information was liaised, I accepted that at that stage Brigadier Cronje was convinced that that was the correct action. I would not have doubted his decision in any way. He was an honourable officer who I respected back then and I still have the greatest respect for. MS KHAMPEPE: Mr Hechter, you on your version relied strongly on the confirmatory reports received from Mr Mamasela with regard to Mr Tsele's activities? CAPT HECHTER: For that evening, yes. MS KHAMPEPE: And that is why obviously senior police officers were part of the group which went on to Mr Tsele's house? CAPT HECHTER: A captain is not a very senior officer, Chairperson. At that stage Brigadier Cronje was the Commanding Officer of the Unit and I did not question why he was accompanying us. MS KHAMPEPE: Did Mr Mamasela explain to you how he had gone about to confirm the reports with regard to Mr Tsele's activities? CAPT HECHTER: He reported this to Brigadier Cronje, not to me. MS KHAMPEPE: Do you know the contents of the report he made to Brigadier Cronje with regard to how he had gone about to confirm? CAPT HECHTER: No. MS KHAMPEPE: Do you know how long it had taken Mr Mamasela to come with a confirmatory report regarding Mr Tsele's activities? CAPT HECHTER: No, Brigadier Cronje only called me in and said to me listen, this is the situation with regard to Joe Tsele, this was verified by Mamasela, we are going out PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG 29 CAPT HECHTER tonight, there are possibly terrorists there and you must be prepared for this eventuality. MS KHAMPEPE: So you had not been privy to any information with regard to Tsele's activities? CAPT HECHTER: No, the Brigadier during this meeting informed us in detail what the case was, but we did not discuss this over a length of time. He only informed us what Mamasela had reported. I did not ask him questions whether this had been done over a certain period of time, three weeks, six weeks, I simply accepted that Mamasela obtained the necessary information and that it was reliable. ADV DE JAGER: Captain Crafford did accompany you? CAPT HECHTER: That is correct. ADV DE JAGER: Do you know where he is at this time? CAPT HECHTER: He is sitting in this hall, Mr Chairman. ADV DE JAGER: And Bafana? CAPE HECHTER: As far as my information goes, he has since deceased. ADV DE JAGER: Thank you. FURTHER EXAMINATION BY ADV DU PLESSIS: Mr Chairman, I have one further question. Captain Hechter, would it have been normal procedure, let's forget about Bophuthatswana for the time being, but if you acted in other places, say in the Northern Transvaal or in kwaNdebele, a couple of places with regard to which you have given testimony, would you normally have informed or contacted the South African police to verify your information? CAPT HECHTER: No, not at all. We verified the information by means of our informants and evaluated it and acted in response. PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG ADV DU PLESSIS 30 CAPT HECHTER ADV DU PLESSIS: So you did not act in cooperation with any of the other security structures except when you worked with the South African Defence Force, the Army? CAPT HECHTER: No, that is the case. ADV DU PLESSIS: It would then not have been normal for you, in this particular case, to have worked with the Bophuthatswana police or security police? CAPT HECHTER: No, not at all. NO FURTHER QUESTIONS BY ADV DU PLESSIS. JUDGE WILSON: So you realised that what you were doing was in no sense of the word ordinary police work? CAPT HECHTER: I realised this entirely, Mr Chairman. JUDGE MALL: You are excused. CAPT HECHTER: Thank you Mr Chairman. WITNESS EXCUSED. ADV DU PLESSIS: Mr Chairman, I believe the representative of the Attorney General's office is here. I would really like to take the matter which I did discuss with you in chambers up with him, if at all possible and if you would afford me the opportunity to do that now, I would be grateful. JUDGE MALL: Yes. I understand your request to mean that you would like a short adjournment? ADV DU PLESSIS: As it pleases you. JUDGE MALL: I trust that it is not something that is going to take five minutes, is it? ADV DU PLESSIS: Mr Chairman, I foresee that it is going to take a bit longer than five minutes. JUDGE MALL: It might be convenient at this stage then to take the adjournment. ADV DU PLESSIS: That is what I wanted to suggest Mr PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG S 30 Chairman. JUDGE MALL: Mr Mpshe, will it inconvenience you if we took an adjournment at this stage? ADV MPSHE: It would not inconvenience me Mr Chairman, as long as we can indicate what time we are coming back. JUDGE MALL: We will resume at a quarter to two, will that be convenient? ADV DU PLESSIS: That would be convenient Mr Chairman, thank you very much. JUDGE MALL: Alright, we now adjourn until quarter to two. ADV MPSHE: Thank you Mr Chairman. COMMISSION ADJOURNS. PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG ADV DU PLESSIS ADDRESS COMMISSION RESUMES JUDGE MALL: Are we ready to proceed? ADV DU PLESSIS: Thank you Mr Chairman. Mr Chairman, we have had a discussion with Dr Pretorius of the Attorney General's office pertaining to the issue of Captain Van Jaarsveld and the question if we can call him as a witness. Now I want to place on record that the applicant's request was that Captain Van Jaarsveld should be called to give evidence to this Committee in respect of the State Security Council, the structure of the State Security Council, how the State Security Council operated, especially in the middle 1980's, the way in which orders were given and something that is very important for the applicants, pertaining to their applications and that is evidence about the Government of the time of their counter-revolutionary strategy that was developed during the early 1980's and which was put into practice in the middle 1980's. As you will recall Mr Chairman, we have given evidence in a lot of instances where the applicants testified that they had to take pro-active action against activists and terrorists, that they were given orders to eliminate terrorists and activists and, that this was part of the Government's counter-revolutionary strategy. Captain Van Jaarsveld was involved in the State Security system. He was involved with the development of the counter-revolutionary strategy of the Government of the time; the drawing of a specific document setting out the whole strategy which we have not been able to get hold of. He was also involved with the implementation of the counter- revolutionary strategy. He has intricate knowledge thereof, and furthermore he was also present when Brigadier Victor PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG ADV DU PLESSIS 32 ADDRESS gave the order that the applicants have testified to, to Brigadier Cronje. Now Mr Chairman this evidence would obviously be of a general nature. It will be important to further sketch the background against which the applicants and all Security Policemen acted during that time. It will therefore be of great importance to the applicants' applications and I would want to submit Mr Chairman, that it will also be of great importance to the Committee in respect of all future applications by Security Policemen before this Committee - applications for amnesty. The evidence will not relate to any specific incidents for which Captain Van Jaarsveld might want to ask amnesty for, it will furthermore not relate to his involvement, his personal involvement, in any incidents which the applicants refer to in their applications. And as I have stated will be of a general nature. Now Mr Chairman it is so that Captain Van Jaarsveld is a State witness in respect of certain incidents which the applicants have testified about and for which they in certain instances have been charged already. It is also true that we did launch an application in October, right at the beginning of the hearings, for State witnesses to be called as witnesses in support of the applicants' applications which application was refused. I went through my notes of that time pertaining to that application, and as I can recall the main reason was that the applicants could not advance to the Committee the specific facts and evidence which would be contained in dockets of the Attorney General and what the witnesses would come and testify about. PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG ADV DU PLESSIS 33 ADDRESS I want to draw a distinction between that application and this application, and the distinction is simple Mr Chairman and that is that this application pertains to evidence of a general nature. We cannot understand why the Attorney General at this stage of the proceedings would wish to keep important information, especially pertaining to the counter-revolutionary strategy of the Government of the time and the working of the State Security Council from this Committee. We furthermore cannot see why the Attorney General would want to keep such evidence from the general public at large. We wish to state that we have tried to get hold of possible other witnesses to come and give this evidence, and that we have not succeeded in getting any cooperation. We want to place on record specifically that nobody has offered us any help in this regard or any assistance, especially our superiors, the applicants' superiors at that time. We find ourselves, therefore, in the predicament that the applicants' superiors who would be in a position to give this information to the Committee, do not seem to want to voluntarily participate in the proceedings and assist the applicants. ADV DE JAGER: Mr du Plessis, would General van der Merwe be in a position to assist you? ADV DU PLESSIS: Mr Chairman, it is difficult because certain people were intricately involved over a long period. General van der Merwe was involved to a certain extent and I intend, when he gives evidence again, to ask him certain questions about the State Security Council. I did raise that with Captain van Jaarsveld and as I understand it, PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG ADV DU PLESSIS 34 ADDRESS General van der Merwe would only be able to assist the Committee in a very general, limited way. One must remember that certain people were involved in certain capacities with the State Security Council and what is also of importance is that Captain van Jaarsveld was involved with the development of the whole counter- revolutionary strategy. ADV DE JAGER: General van der Merwe offered to give evidence without being subpoenaed. ADV DU PLESSIS: Yes. The only difference between General van der Merwe and Captain van Jaarsveld, well two differences, was that, or the only difference is that General van der Merwe is not a State witness and he offered voluntarily to come and give evidence. Captain van Jaarsveld, I may mention, has indicated his willingness to give such evidence before the Committee. He is represented by Mr Meintjies, an attorney, and Mr Meintjies mentioned to me that he will place his client's view on record, but I can submit to you at this stage that they have given an indication that he has no problem whatsoever to assist this Committee with this evidence and to place this evidence before this Committee. Mr Chairman, the last point I want to make about this is that we cannot see that there can be any prejudice for any party involved in these proceedings if such evidence is placed before this Committee, after all this procedure is about truth. Truth first and foremost and we fail to understand why the truth should be kept from this Committee and from the public at large and from the applicants, where it can assist the applicants in their applications. And especially the evidence that they have given where nobody PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG ADV DU PLESSIS 34 ADDRESS can be prejudiced. We fail to see that the Attorney General can be prejudiced in respect of his investigations or perhaps any future criminal proceedings. There is, however, Mr Chairman, one last request which Captain van Jaarsveld asked me to raise and I am sure that Mr Meintjies will confirm that, and that is his request is that he be allowed to give such evidence before this Committee in camera. Mr Chairman that can be done in terms of Section 33 of the Act and, in respect of Section 33 I wish to draw your attention to the fact that the Commission can in any proceedings, if it is satisfied that it would be in the interest of justice firstly, or and with the emphasis on or, there is a likelihood that harm may ensue to any person as a result of the proceedings being open, may direct that such proceedings be held behind closed doors and that the public or any category thereof shall not be present at such proceedings. ADV DE JAGER: Mr du Plessis, didn't you advance that one of the reasons that it is in the interest of the public to know and now you are asking us to do this in camera? ADV DU PLESSIS: Mr Chairman, in the interest of the public in respect of not necessarily publication of that information now. What I am saying is publication of that information after the Committee has considered the evidence and when the Committee gives the judgement in this matter. It is also obviously in the interest of the public not necessarily to hear the evidence, but it would be in the interest of the public to know that any evidence which might be of importance to an applicant, is entertained by the Committee, even if it is done in camera, and that nobody is allowed to influence the proceedings of this Committee in PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG ADV DU PLESSIS 35 ADDRESS respect of evidence and the truth. And for that purpose it is also important for the public. Mr Chairman, however, that is a request from Captain van Jaarsveld. Obviously the applicants - I am applying for that on behalf of Captain van Jaarsveld, simply and purely because he asked that it be done in that way. As far as the applicants are concerned, we deem the evidence of such importance that we would request the Committee to give serious consideration to Captain van Jaarsveld being called as a witness. JUDGE MALL: Mr Meintjies, is there anything you wish to add? MR MEINTJIES: As the Committee pleases, Mr Chairperson. I appear on behalf of Captain van Jaarsveld. I have appeared sporadically before this Committee on behalf of Captain van Jaarsveld and would once again like to confirm that Captain van Jaarsveld is not unwilling to come and give evidence before this Committee. On the contrary he is very willing but the problem that I am struggling with and which Captain van Jaarsveld is also having difficulty with is being necessitated to apply for amnesty. The applicants' legal representative submits to this Committee that Captain van Jaarsveld will not be prejudiced in his amnesty application by evidence which he may give here if he should come and testify. If we were to have an open situation, this applicant will have no control over which questions will be put to Captain van Jaarsveld and it could definitely be to the prejudice of Captain van Jaarsveld. Be that as it may, Captain van Jaarsveld is willing to come and give evidence. The request which the applicants' representative PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG MR MEINTJIES 36 ADDRESS submitted on his behalf, is as such and this application is thus submitted to this Committee that the application be heard in camera should Captain van Jaarsveld be called upon to testify. The reason for this would be that the matters which will be addressed in the evidence of Captain van Jaarsveld and under cross-examination will be limited to the position with regards to the structures and workings of the State Security Council. Lastly, Captain van Jaarsveld is willing to give evidence where and when the Committee decides that the Committee would like to call him as a witness and we will stick to the Committee's decision. Thank you very much Mr Chairperson. ADV DE JAGER: Mr Meintjies, there has been an indication that it would be required of him to give evidence with regard to the anti-revolutionary plan. MR MEINTJIES: That is correct, Chairperson. ADV DE JAGER: You said that you would not mind that it be limited to the structures and those aspects, but that he should be asked to give evidence about the anti-revolutionary plan and also instructions from the State Security Council and for instance Mr Cronje - what is your attitude? MR MEINTJIES; Once again Mr Chairperson, it should not be a problem for my client as long as he is not expected to give evidence about matters which he is going to apply for amnesty, where he was personally involved. Thank you very much. ADV DE JAGER: How are we going to know what his amnesty application will entail and prevent such questions being put PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG MR MEINTJIES 36 ADDRESS to him? MR MEINTJIES: Mr Chairman, this is part of the problem I have with a public hearing, I do not know which questions will be put to him and it has to be limited in some way or another so that my client is not prejudiced. ADV DE JAGER: Certainly, whichever way this is done, it can only be determined if we know which matters he is applying for amnesty for and in such a way prevent such questions being put to him, otherwise there is no other way of us knowing. MR MEINTJIES: It seems to me that the solution to that Mr Chairperson, would be that he not be questioned about specific actions but about the structures and operations of the State Security Council and the anti-revolutionary action of the State, in other words an objective - excuse me for a minute, I am looking for the word - perhaps searching for the spirit ...(intervention) ADV DE JAGER: You mean about the policy and not the application thereof? MR MEINTJIES: Thank you very much Mr Chairperson, that was very helpful. JUDGE MGOEPE: Mr du Plessis, I am going to ask you this question because I would like you to deal with it so that Mr Pretorius can, when his turn comes, he will be able to respond to the points that you would have made in response to the query I am going to raise to you. It seems to me if one listens to your argument, one gets an impression as though the kind of evidence that you want can only be found peculiarly within the mind or knowledge of Captain van Jaarsveld. I would be surprised if that would in fact be the case, in fact his rank suggests PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG ADV DU PLESSIS 37 ADDRESS that, as you say he is a Captain, I would have thought that there would have been people more senior to him who would have knowledge of all these things in respect of which you want him to come and testify. If that is the case, if the position is that this knowledge that you want him to come and share with us, the knowledge does not peculiarly reside in him alone, I would have thought that any other person who is just as much conversant with all these facts, would be as good a witness as he could be, unless of course there are some other reasons that we don't know of why you particularly want this particular witness. And on the submissions that you have made to us so far, you emphasise the generality of his evidence, that you want him to come and give. On the submissions you have so far made nothing suggests that he and he alone out of the security establishment can come and testify about these aspects. Nothing that I have picked up - I am not through yet. If I can just make one point just to round the point up. You see I am troubled by the fact that we are going to have to go back to the same argument which you had last time. I am also troubled by the fact that it seems to me that low and behold by coincidence the State has an interest in a particular witness and it turns out that that happens to be the witness in respect of which you also want to call that particular witness. And then it takes us back to the same argument which we had last year; given that fact that this matter was argued before us last week in more or less the same nature; given the fact that the kind of evidence does not peculiarly reside within the knowledge of a particular witness about PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG 38 whom there is some argument; given the fact that other witnesses can possibly, competently, perhaps even more knowledgeably, come and testify about those particular aspects; given the factors also raised by Mr Meintjies, is there a basis on which we should still be arguing about whether this particular witness should come or should you not in fact take the liberty that you do have, and you can have, to call other witnesses who are more knowledgeable which would obviate us sitting here again, going through the same argument which we had last year? ADV DU PLESSIS: Yes, Mr Chairman, I would like to answer that. Mr Chairman one must take the history of the applicants and their applications, under what circumstances they launched the applications and the general attitude of the Security Forces towards the proceedings before this Committee into account. Clearly it is very difficult for the applicants to even get to speak to certain people who were involved with the State Security Council. As I have made clear in the application when I advanced reasons, we have tried to do so. We have had, however, difficulty in getting cooperation. Not just in respect of this issue, but in respect of other issues. There is, Mr Chairman, a general feeling it seems, especially amongst the superiors of the applicants, that this Commission should not be assisted. In the light of that it makes the applicant's position very difficult because of the fact that if we cannot even arrange a consultation with a possible witness to determine what that witness could assist us with, if we cannot get information pertaining to who served on the State Security Council and its various sections, it makes the applicant's PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG ADV DU PLESSIS 39 ADDRESS task very difficult. Now, that initially, that is the one reason why the applicants find themselves in a lot of difficulty. The second point I want to make is, and I have already made that point, is that the party for whom the applicants gave their whole lives and their career during that time, namely the National Party, has not offered the applicants any assistance whatsoever with these proceedings, has not contacted the applicants and has made no effort whatsoever to be of any assistance. The only senior person who has up to this stage been prepared to take responsibility for and on behalf of the applicants has been General van der Merwe, for which the applicants are very grateful. Mr Chairman, at this point in time it is the applicants who were really, if I can call them, the foot soldiers, who stand before this Committee, who took the responsibility to give evidence before this Committee about the whole background of the National Party struggle, about the whole background of apartheid, in respect of which they were foot soldiers Mr Chairman. They were not the people who gave the orders. They were not the people who were in charge and they are simply not assisted by people who are in a position to assist them. And although I am taking a time to raise this, I will address the Committee again in my heads of argument when I deal with this matter in argument, but that is a reality of the applicants' applications. The applicants have access to certain people who are prepared to testify on their behalf and when we deem it necessary we will call such witnesses. PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG ADV DU PLESSIS 39 ADDRESS But in respect of this issue, the applicants have grave difficulties. The difficulties, as I have said, are firstly to identify who was involved and, secondly, to get those people to assist the applicants. Now the application of Mr Currin which he did discuss with you in chambers which hasn't been made yet, but the request to subpoena certain witnesses would include witnesses for instance who were involved in the State Security Council. One of those persons as far as my knowledge goes was a secretary of the State Security Council in 1985. If that object is attained those witnesses will give evidence before this Committee, but those witnesses do not want to support the applicants and they do not want to help the applicants in their applications. That is the first point that I want to make. The second point I want to make in answer to your question is that Captain van Jaarsveld was involved with the development of the counter-revolutionary strategy right from its inception. As far as I understood that was round about 1980 and the development of the strategy took place until approximately 1985 when it was implemented. Captain van Jaarsveld was intricately involved in this whole process throughout the time. He was also involved as the representative of the Security Police on the State Security Council for a long period of time and he was therefore, over a long period of time, intricately involved with the system. Captain van Jaarsveld also completed a Masters' Degree as far as I know in Political Science, which dealt with, I think the name of his thesis was "The role of the population in counter--insurgency". PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG ADV DU PLESSIS 40 ADDRESS He is therefore Mr Chairman, a witness who has intricate knowledge of the subject and the counter-revolutionary strategy over a long period. He was involved with the inception as well as the practical implementation thereof. In respect of the State Security Council, he also has a broad knowledge of the working thereof and he would be able probably as any other person, apart from possibly the most senior politician, to give the Committee the general information pertaining to the working of the system. If evidence of Captain van Jaarsveld is denied, and the applicants cannot call Captain van Jaarsveld as a witness, it would in all probability mean that the applicants will not be able to place that evidence before the Committee. We will still strive to obtain witnesses and get people to assist us in this regard, but I want to make it very clear that it is not as in the case of a simple court case, simply phoning somebody and asking him to come and assist. There are various problems involved for possible witnesses and most of the people are very reluctant to participate in the process. And that is the reality of the problems which the applicants have. JUDGE MGOEPE: Well, what you described in the second point is important but certainly it cannot be blown out of proportion, the important thing from what you have been saying is that they have difficulties, the applicants have difficulties as I understand you, in securing anyone else who could be willing, who is willing to come and help them. The fact that Captain van Jaarsveld was involved in the development of that surely he couldn't have done that single handedly, he must have done it in collaboration with PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG ADV DU PLESSIS 41 ADDRESS a number of people and subject to the approval and veto and whatever suggestions of many other people, that surely it is not, that aspect, while it is important, is not such that it makes him singularly relevant to the proceedings more than anyone else. But I take your point about the fact that they have got difficulties in getting other people. ADV DU PLESSIS; Yes, Mr Chairman, I just want to make one point which I probably didn't come through clearly and that is that Captain van Jaarsveld was involved, there was a long period in which he was involved with this. Now there are lots of people who were involved, but some people were involved for shorter periods of time. Some people were involved in State Security Council, but not involved in the development of the counter-revolutionary strategy. So yes, it might be possible perhaps to obtain other witnesses even if they should be forced to come and testify, but that would mean probably three or four witnesses where Captain van Jaarsveld himself can give evidence because he was involved over a long period. JUDGE MALL: Dr Pretorius? DR PRETORIUS: As the Committee pleases. I am appearing on behalf of the Prosecution. Again the State wants to oppose this request in the most strongest terms. Allow me to sketch some background. The applicants has heard that Mr Brian Currin wants to cross-question General van der Merwe with regard to the State Security Council and they requested additional information with regard to the State Security Council. They have approached the Prosecution that they want to consult with Captain van Jaarsveld. In agreement with the Tshabalala decision and the PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG DR PRETORIUS 42 ADDRESS Hassam decision, the Prosecution has agreed that they may consult with Captain van Jaarsveld. In this way they were able to obtain the necessary information as well as the background information should General van der Merwe give testimony they could then make - state the evidence to him. The Prosecution is not closed with regard to the general public and so forth, they allowed our learned friends to consult with Captain van Jaarsveld and to obtain the necessary information from him. The request that he must bring testimony, however, is it was a spurious application and now Captain van Jaarsveld, the State witness must now be called. While I am on this point of sketching background, this morning the names of other persons were given who might bring some information to the fore with regard to the background theory and policy in this regard. I was only provided these names this morning and I doubt whether in this very limited period of time, they were able to contact these other persons. Mr Chairman, on the previous occasion I have already presented to you the possible prejudice of this very, and in fact, key witness, State witness who might be subjected to extended hearings. He is indeed a key witness to the Prosecution. As in my previous presentation to you, when such a request was made at the beginning of the hearing, there is however a crucial difference which must be understood Mr Chairman, these are a request from the applicants with regard to amnesty. It is their detailed knowledge, the way in which they thought and the acts which they took part in which is at hand here. If there is information peculiarly in the mind of Captain van Jaarsveld, PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG DR PRETORIUS 42 ADDRESS then it is of no use to them, because what is of importance here is the motives and actions of the applicants. The applicants must say what their political motives were and how they saw the matter. It is of no use for them when Captain van Jaarsveld knew more than what they did. If any information is peculiarly in the knowledge of Captain van Jaarsveld, then it is of no use to them, since this application for amnesty is that of the applicants and not that of Captain van Jaarsveld. ADV DU PLESSIS: Certainly Dr Pretorius if instructions were given from above that certain actions should have to be taken or if a policy was made with in which people acted, surely this must be of importance? DR PRETORIUS: This is the case Mr Chairman, and if Captain van Jaarsveld should come with his own amnesty application at a later time, he will indeed give testimony with regard to his peculiar knowledge and should he have given such instructions, he will make such application. Any applicant can say that they received instructions from say, General van der Merwe or whomever else, but the general knowledge, the broad policy decisions which might be of relevance here, tells us nothing about the peculiar knowledge relevant in the case of every application. This crucial difference must be kept in mind at all times. The other difficulty against which, with respect, you must guard at all times, is that this process must not be abused to circumvent any possible future prosecution. That this process will be used with regard to Joe Mamasela or a Willie Nortje to discredit such persons, so that in the case that amnesty is not granted, that the possibility of prosecution will be reduced because the main State witnesses PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG DR PRETORIUS 43 ADDRESS will at that time have been discredited. And this is a danger with respect which I want to submit, you must at all times keep in mind. The crucial question which we must ask here is whether it is really necessary for Captain van Jaarsveld to be called. Mr Brian Currin wanted to ask General van der Merwe with regard to the State Security Council and now, suddenly out of the blue, this key witness must be called to bring testimony in this regard. Again, this is premature and when at the end of the day you as a Committee might have a difficulty, then the Prosecution would have always been willing to give any help or cooperation that might be necessary. The statement that the attitude of the Attorney General is strange, or that he is trying to hide the truth from the general public and anyone else, this with respect, cannot be held. This is a very important prosecution which the State is taking care of and we do not want to keep anything from the Committee. If there were any detailed or particular problems, then the Attorney General's office would at all times have been available to bring you assistance. We allowed our learned friends to consult with the witness this morning and I cannot understand how they can make such a claim in view of this. With respect, it is my submission that during the consultation this morning, when the prosecution was present, other names were given and a true effort was made with regard to representatives of the Defence Force or other members of the Police Force and until this time, surely there has not been enough time to make an attempt to contact these persons and therefore this application must be PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG DR PRETORIUS 44 ADDRESS premature. When and if General van der Merwe brings testimony, and if he agrees with any of the claims of my learned friends, then it will be available to you. The other names made available by Captain van Jaarsveld to them give them adequate opportunity, if granted sufficient time, to contact these persons. And even if these witnesses are not very willing to bring testimony, they can none-the-less the brought before you and it is therefore not necessary that it must be this State witness who brings this testimony. This is the applicants' application and it must not be made necessary to bring a State witness before this Committee when other witnesses can in fact give this testimony. None-the-less the Prosecution is not in any way attempting to keep information from the public and even less so from this Committee. If the Committee would like to clear up any particular matter from the side of the Prosecution, the Prosecution will make every attempt to support this Committee in this regard, but this, however, is a spur of the moment application, no effort has been made to bring other witnesses in this regard and if General van der Merwe is cross-questioned with regard to the State Security Council, then the information made available to my learned friends during the consultation, can be stated to him and in that way the entire matter will be possibly dealt with. I thank you. JUDGE WILSON: ... Captain van Jaarsveld that it is so important? DR PRETORIUS: Firstly he would be giving evidence My Lord when his application for amnesty will be heard by this Committee. PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG DR PRETORIUS 44 ADDRESS JUDGE WILSON: You are talking about a State witness, when is he giving evidence for the State? DR PRETORIUS: The State has to wait until the amnesty applications of most of the applicants has been finalised by this Committee. The State's charge sheets have already been drawn up and he is a very important witness in one of those possible prosecutions, but we wait for the decision of the Amnesty Committee on these matters. So we are dependent on this Committee to make its decision either to the one way or to the other and in that prosecutions, he would be a key witness. ADV DE JAGER; And if we are not able to give a decision before we've heard him? DR PRETORIUS: I don't understand the question. ADV DE JAGER: If we are not able to make a decision with regard to these applications if we have not heard this particular witness, because we might believe that he is an important witness, what do we have then, that then is checkmate situation. DR PRETORIUS: Mr Chairman, should this application take so long and should his amnesty application come before you in the mean time, then in the course of events he will have to bring complete testimony before you with regard to his background and his personal knowledge and then it will of course crucially involve the case that it is his amnesty application at that time. ADV DE JAGER; When we returned to the previous application, we were then asked not to allow Mr Mamasela to bring testimony or to call him to bring testimony. In the meantime he allows television interviews, he tells the whole world what he is going to say and where he differs. Now you are PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG DR PRETORIUS 45 ADDRESS asking us not to call him because he is a State witness, but this witness is allowed to speak anywhere else except before this Committee. DR PRETORIUS: Allow me to sketch you some background in this regard. Mr Mamasela, because of the unique history of South Africa takes care that he has guarantees. He is indeed a State witness and he had some initial doubts with regard to the State. Mr Mamasela's name is mentioned time and again in the press and sometimes unjustly so. When or if Mr Mamasela will bring testimony in a court case it will be statutory. Mr Mamasela you had heard that you are entirely innocently accused of this or that, that for instance you killed someone in Botswana, that you held this person. Mr Mamasela's version is something entirely different. It is necessary for him to defend himself, he must be given the opportunity to defend himself, so that should he be in a position where he is prosecuted at a later time, he must be allowed to say in cross-questioning Mr Mamasela, you were falsely accused, why did you do nothing about it? Now Mr Mamasela can say that in every event where he was falsely accused, he had in fact gone to the media, to the press. In that way we have some cheques and balances with regard to the office of the Attorney General. Mr Mamasela indeed, on occasion has a good relationship with the Press. He does that.. (tape ends) ..... ADV DE JAGER: Mr Pretorius is it not important for us to know whether the persons who accuse him, for instance with regard to the example given by you, to determine whether it is true or not. Should Mr Mamasela then not rather come to us than to the media to state his differences? DR PRETORIUS: This is a sensitive situation. Mr Mamasela PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG DR PRETORIUS 46 ADDRESS has given his full cooperation and his own version of that particular event. The way in which it must be approached, I cannot give a final answer in that regard. An additional question? ADV DE JAGER; You heard with regard to what Captain van Jaarsveld must give testimony. It has to do with the process of the counter-revolutionary plan and the membership of the State Security Council, do you have particular objections to him giving testimony in that regard? DR PRETORIUS: These two kinds of testimony are related. Should he claim for instance that the counter- revolutionary planning included particular executive directives and so that the secretariat became involved in specific cases where they gave direct commands with regard to the execution of these policy decisions, then it would be very difficult to distinguish between the kinds of testimony. These two kinds of testimony will be woven so closely together that it would be impossible to distinguish between these kinds of testimony. ADV DE JAGER: Should for instance he put a document in writing with regard to what he might want to say in this regard, would you not be able to come to an agreement with the other parties? DR PRETORIUS: Yes, if General van der Merwe wants to, or brings testimony and our learned friend, Mr Currin would then ask him questions using such a document which is indeed a good suggestion, then he could use the document drafted by Captain van Jaarsveld to ask questions to General van der Merwe, he could then say for instance in 1981 the counter-revolutionary policy was put on paper in such and such a way and then that would be a way in which such, the whole PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG DR PRETORIUS 47 ADDRESS problem can in fact be addressed. JUDGE MALL: Mr Meintjies can you tell me when the application for amnesty was made by Captain van Jaarsveld? MR MEINTJIES: Thank you Mr Chairman. Yes it was during early December with the support of the Attorney General. JUDGE MALL; Mr Currin, I understand that you wish to make some comments? MR CURRIN: Mr Chairman, just one or two issues that we would like to record on behalf of the victims. We obviously don't know what this witness is going to say about the State Security Council and we don't know what General van der Merwe is going to say about the State Security Council, so we are really not in a position to assess the value of the evidence. What we would say, however, is that if we were to take on face value the representations made by Mr du Plessis, it sounds to us as if the Captain is not being called in his capacity as a Captain, but rather as a person with particular expertise around the State Security Council and who represented the Security Police on that structure, so it seems to us that he would be a very important witness. And we would therefore support the application, because our clients would certainly like to hear what he has to say about the State Security Council. I would also just like to comment briefly on the question of the evidence being heard in camera and record that our clients would be strenuously opposed to the evidence being heard in camera. We don't believe that really any real motivation has been submitted to support the application if one looks at the Act, it says that if it would be in the interest of justice. In our view it would be in the interests of justice for the public at large to PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG MR CURRIN 47 ADDRESS hear about the State Security Council and how it functioned. And then secondly that there is a likelihood that harm may be caused to any person as a result of the proceedings being open. There has been no evidence at all of harm resulting from the proceedings being open. The only harm that was referred to was possible harm in relation to prejudice with his own application, but quite frankly whether the application is heard behind closed doors or in public, the situation as far as his subsequent amnesty application is concerned, would be exactly the same. In any event that possible prejudice could be dealt with in the same way as the Committee would deal with any prejudice to General van der Merwe when he testifies, where, if for example a question may prejudice his application, your Committee is quite entitled to curtail that question and one could deal with questions on an ad hoc basis as and when they are before the Committee. So quite frankly we have heard no serious motivation for it to be heard in camera and I think we need to remind ourselves that the constitutional dispensation in this country really underscores and underwrites and emphasises the need for openness and transparency, and I think the situation should be unique before the Committee were to decide in favour of a hearing in camera. Thank you Sir. JUDGE MGOEPE: Mr Currin, the distinction that you are seeking to draw is more apparent than real. Really that he is coming to testify as an expert and not in his capacity as a police officer, I think the distinction is more apparent than real. The fact of the matter is that he is not coming here before us to come and theorise and teach us about PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG MR CURRIN 48 ADDRESS theories of counter-revolutionary strategies and the like, he is coming to tell us about his experiences in his capacity as a policeman during the time when he was involved in the police as Mr du Plessis so many times, countless times, emphasised, from the 80's over a long period. I mean he is coming here to testify about those experiences. I am not sure whether a lot of things turns around that point, but I am just saying that that distinction really - it is not real. MR CURRIN: Mr Chairperson, I think maybe my point was misunderstood. The only reason why I made that comment was because someone said he is only a captain and there must be other people of higher ranking that would know more about it than him. It is in that context that I am saying, it is not his capacity as a Captain which gives him the knowledge, it is his experience on the ground. JUDGE MALL: Mr Mpshe, is there anything you wish to say? ADV MPSHE: Nothing I wish to say Mr Chairman, thank you. JUDGE MALL: The Committee would like to consider the application that has been made and to consider the various points that have been advanced for and against the application. We will give our decision on this matter in due course, but as soon as we can. We are not in a position to do so now. I realise that it is important for all parties concerned to know as soon as possible where they stand in connection with the preparation and the conduct of their application, and we shall endeavour to do so as soon as we can. I want to know whether in the meanwhile we are prepared to proceed with the leading in evidence in any of the other applications? PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG ADV DU PLESSIS 49 ADDRESS ADV DU PLESSIS: Yes, Mr Chairman, may I perhaps just be afforded the opportunity to reply to Dr Pretorius very, very shortly? JUDGE MALL: Yes, please do so. ADV DU PLESSIS: Thank you. Mr Chairman it is true that we requested a meeting with Captain van Jaarsveld because he is a State witness, we cannot really speak to him. We requested a meeting this morning purely to obtain information which might be relevant in respect of General van der Merwe's evidence. During the discussion certain information was divulged to us which we deemed of grave importance for the applicants and on that basis we requested Dr Pretorius, at that stage this morning, if the Attorney General would not be prepared to allow Captain van Jaarsveld to come and testify. Clearly we were aware of your decision previously and that was not something that we wanted to consider previously. We were also not informed of the extent of Captain van Jaarsveld's knowledge until we spoke to him this morning. We did take steps last year to obtain other witnesses and it is not a question of only becoming aware of certain people who were involved this morning. In any event as I can recall Captain van Jaarsveld gave us an indication that whoever was named this morning, would not in all probability be prepared to assist us. In respect of the evidence that Captain van Jaarsveld will give evidence in his own amnesty application, he would be in the same position as General van der Merwe, he is also going to give evidence in his own amnesty application and we cannot see that one should wait for that amnesty application PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG ADV DU PLESSIS 50 ADDRESS before this evidence is placed before this Committee. I also want to draw a distinction between Mamasela and van Jaarsveld simply and purely because of the fact that Mamasela would have been a witness if the Committee allowed him to be called on behalf of the applicants, would have been a witness pertaining to specific incidents. Captain van Jaarsveld is only needed by the applicants at this stage and that is the only request that we make, is to call him on this issue. He was also a State witness which was included in the previous application which was refused by the Committee and that application entailed evidence pertaining to the specific facts of these specific deeds. This application is of a much more limited nature and the evidence will also be of a much more limited nature. The submission by Dr Pretorius that whatever information we obtain during consultation this morning, could be put to General van der Merwe, I find that strange. I cannot see how that can lead to evidence before this Committee, which can be taken into account at the end of the day when the amnesty applications are considered. ADV DE JAGER: But Mr du Plessis the information that you obtained and which you want to put before us, why can't you put that on paper and give it to Dr Pretorius and ask him whether he has got any objection to this information being placed before us? ADV DU PLESSIS: We don't have any problem if Dr Pretorius is prepared to let the evidence be dealt with in that way, we don't have any problem. The most important aspect for us is to place the facts before the Committee and we don't mind if Captain van Jaarsveld gives evidence or if he does it by way of a statement which could be placed before the PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG ADV DU PLESSIS 50 ADDRESS Committee, we are simply interested in putting the facts before the Committee and specifically the facts pertaining to the counter-revolutionary strategy because that will lend tremendous support to what the applicants have testified up to now in respect of specifically incidents such as the Nietverdiend 10. JUDGE MGOEPE: Shouldn't that course be more diligently followed because unlike in the case of General van der Merwe, who did not complain about possible prejudice to himself, in this particular case Mr Meintjies has specifically raised the point that Captain van Jaarsveld may very well be prejudiced if he comes to testify here. So that the Committee is now in a difficult position of whether in his quest to assist the applicants, we should compel Captain van Jaarsveld, albeit at the danger of, on the other hand, prejudicing that other person, so we wouldn't like to prejudice anyone, anyone of the applicants. So shouldn't you more diligently follow that course which my colleague is suggesting that you could put something in writing to Dr Pretorius and then sort it out along those lines? ADV DU PLESSIS: Yes. Mr Chairman, clearly that would involve further consultations with Captain van Jaarsveld in the presence of Dr Pretorius which I don't have a problem with. JUDGE MGOEPE: But then you can come back to us as soon as possible and spare us the agony of trying to decide whether we should sacrifice your clients or Captain van Jaarsveld. ADV DU PLESSIS: Mr Chairman, if Dr Pretorius gives an indication now that he is prepared to do it that way, and if the Committee finds that that would be acceptable, taking PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG ADV DU PLESSIS 51 ADDRESS into account that the Committee obviously then cannot ask questions to Captain van Jaarsveld to clarify certain issues, then we will stand by that. Obviously we think that, and we would submit that the best procedure would be evidence, but if that is not something that the Committee would want to order, the second best thing would be a procedure such as that. What I don't want to do Mr Chairman, or what I wouldn't like to do, is to waive the applicants' rights, if I can put it like that, pertaining to the giving of evidence. Obviously the applicants would prefer that Captain van Jaarsveld can be asked questions in respect of these issues. And we cannot see that there is any detriment to that regard, but if the only possible alternative is to place it before the Committee by way of a statement, we will gladly do so. I don't know what Dr Pretorius' view to that is. DR PRETORIUS: Mr Chairman, the State supports a solution like that where we can come together in further consultations and that we can do it by means of a statement. The State supports such a solution. MS KHAMPEPE: Mr Currin, what would be your response to the proposal which has been put? Do you think it would impinge on the rights of your clients if a statement in writing is put before the Committee? JUDGE MALL: If you are afforded an opportunity to see that statement before it is handed into us. MR CURRIN: Yes, I was actually going to suggest that if we are given that opportunity, then I think we could go with the proposal. JUDGE MALL: No objection to that? PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG 52 ADV DU PLESSIS: No objection. JUDGE MALL: Assuming that this is the most amicable way in which to go about and the most expeditious way in which to deal with this matter, is there any suggestion as to how soon this can be done? ADV DU PLESSIS: Mr Chairman, yes, we wouldn't have a problem in trying to do that over, during the evenings, during this week so that may be possible to finalise that at the end of the week or over the weekend. I just wish to mention Mr Chairman that the applicants would obviously prefer that Captain van Jaarsveld gives evidence instead of the second procedure. JUDGE MALL: I understand that. This is a balancing act that is required to be fulfilled. If your clients were not faced with a trial, maybe this problem wouldn't arise, but you have got a situation where there are conflicting interests. The function and purpose of this Committee is to arrive at the truth insofar as it is possible to arrive at that truth. Now in order to arrive at that truth, the best evidence possible should be made available to this Committee. I realise that it has been said that the best evidence is the evidence in open court tested under cross-examination, but if evidence is submitted by consent of the parties and your clients will know what is being said in that statement before it is submitted in its final form, they may be able to instruct you to formulate it in a way that would meet their requirements. ADV DU PLESSIS: Yes, Mr Chairman, I will accept the Committee's decision on this and we give our undertaking to try and obtain that evidence and finalise it as soon as PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG 53 possible and to be able to place it before you. JUDGE MALL: Yes. And Mr Currin, this might impinge on your request about subpoenaing a number of people because the ground that maybe will be covered in the kind of information that might be placed before us, might eliminate to call or subpoena a lot of people. MR CURRIN: It may well do so and if that is in the interests of this Committee and justice in the broader public, we would accept that, but we would reserve our rights to deal with that once we are in possession of the information which is to be made available. JUDGE MALL: Yes. But you will apply your mind to the need and the possibility of dealing with the matter in this way? MR CURRIN: We certainly would do so. JUDGE MALL: Alright then, may we proceed then with the hearing of evidence Mr Mpshe? ADV MPSHE: Thank you Mr Chairman. Mr Chairman, we are back on the first matter as per schedule, Joe Tsele Mr Chairman. This pertains to the victims or the next of kin to the deceased, Mr Chairman. They are here present and I have consulted with them. They do not have a legal representative, but they have indicated that one of them would like to take the stand and say something on behalf of the family and that will be the sister to the deceased. But it is not only the sister who is present, the children are also here in person. May I then Mr Chairman, with your permission, call the sister to the stand? JUDGE MALL: Yes, please do. ADV MPSHE: Thank you. Ms Mabela. Mr Chairman, the witness is Tswana speaking, may she be made to take an oath? PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG ADV MPSHE 53 MS MABELA LEGINA MABELA: (sworn states) JUDGE MALL: What are your full names? MS MABELA: My name is Legina Mabela. JUDGE MALL: How old are you if you could remember? MS MABELA: I am 72 years old. EXAMINATION BY ADV MPSHE: The deceased who is Joseph Tsele, was he your elder brother? MS MABELA: That is true. ADV MPSHE: You would remember that I had discussions with you the last time about this issue, do you remember? MS MABELA: Yes, I remember. ADV MPSHE: That is when you agreed that you are going to be the one who is going to represent the relatives. MS MABELA: That is true. ADV MPSHE: You are before this Committee, would you explain about the event on behalf of the family? You can explain. MS MABELA: When we were listening, when they were talking we realised that we are not happy the way they were talking. It seems if we may meet Mr Mamasela who was responsible for this act as they were telling. We have nothing to say except meeting Mr Mamasela to tell us his position. ADV MPSHE: I did explain to you about Joe Mamasela, that the possibility for him to be present in this Committee, how does it work. MS MABELA: Yes, you did explain to us but we feel that we don't agree with this issue because he is the only one who knows what has happened. ADV MPSHE: The applicants within their applications have asked forgiveness about this act. As you know that this is PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG ADV MPSHE 54 MS MABELA the time for reconciliation and forgiveness in our country, what is your feeling about the forgiveness and reconciliation? MS MABELA: We cannot be able to forgive them if we can know the truth from Mr Mamasela to know what they have done and what was his part in the incident, then therefore we will be able to think how we can forgive them. If you know the truth, you are able to forgive. We don't know as whether what they have told us is the truth or not. ADV MPSHE: Your own feelings about reconciliation, what kind of feelings do you have about reconciliation and forgiveness? MS MABELA: I want to know the truth. ADV MPSHE: Is there anything you want to say? MS MABELA: I want to know the truth only. ADV MPSHE: Do you end up there? MS MABELA: Yes. NO FURTHER QUESTIONS BY ADV MPSHE ADV MPSHE: Mr Chairman, may I mention before any questions ... (intervention) (no interpretation) ...who are herein present, thank you. JUDGE MALL: Are there any questions you wish to put to this witness? ADV DU PLESSIS: I have no questions Mr Chairman. NO CROSS-EXAMINATION BY ADV DU PLESSIS. MS MABELA: May I talk sir? JUDGE MALL: Yes, please. MS MABELA: What bothers me, as I said I am looking for the truth, is that he was destroyed. He was shot and he was cut and then on the floor, we found 25 bullets. That is the truth I want to find out as what is the part of Mr Mamasela PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG 55 MS MABELA as depend our discovery on the scene, that is why I am looking for Mr Mamasela. JUDGE MALL: Do I understand her evidence to mean that unless Mr Mamasela himself comes and admits to her that he killed her brother, she has nothing to say. She wishes to hear it from him, is that the position? ADV MPSHE: That is the position Mr Chairman, but as I've indicated, I did explain to them during lunch the position as far as that is concerned. JUDGE WILSON: Could I ask you whoever interpreted her last answer, whether my note is correct where she said what bothers me is that "he was shot and cut", did she in fact refer to cutting as separate injuries to the shooting? ADV MPSHE: Mr Chairman, if I am correct on the word she used, she used (Tswana words stated), in other words she was brutally killed. JUDGE WILSON: Oh, thank you. JUDGE MGOEPE: If I listen to the original version in her language, and not to the English translation or Afrikaans translation, isn't also what she is saying isn't it that she said that when she was asked about forgiving, she said that she doesn't know whether these people are telling the truth and she needs to know what Mamasela says happened there. Mr Mpshe? ADV MPSHE: That is correct, that is what she said in her evidence, that is what she said. JUDGE MGOEPE: She intimated that she has no knowledge as to whether or not what the applicants are saying, whether their version is true or not and only Mamasela could tell us whether the version is - their version is the true one or not. That is actually what she was saying. PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG 56 MS MABELA ADV MPSHE: That is correct. JUDGE WILSON: Does she know if there were other people present in the house with her brother the night he was shot? ADV MPSHE: Mr Chairman, inasfar as that is concerned, during consultation they mentioned including herself, that there were people present on the premises of the deceased. The deceased had some outside rooms rented out to local students as well as lady teachers. They stated to me that these people were present when this thing happened. And if I may continue I indicated to her that I did read their statements, two lady teachers who in the statements state that they were not present ... (tape ends) they went and knocked at the deceased's door. That is her version. JUDGE MALL: Ask her if she has anything else to say besides her request that she would like to hear Mr Mamasela himself. ADV MPSHE: Is there something that you would want to add on top of what you have already said, and besides Mr Mamasela or are you through? MS MABELA: I am through Sir. JUDGE MGOEPE: Was he active in politics? MS MABELA: I don't know. JUDGE MGOEPE: Was he involved in trade unions or labour unions? MS MABELA: I was not staying with him, I don't know. JUDGE MALL: Very well, you are excused, thank you very much. WITNESS EXCUSED. PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG 57 ADV MPSHE: Mr Chairman, then that puts us onto matter number 2, that if the killing of Brian Ngqulunga. I leave that in the hands of my learned friend and the next of kin of victims are also present here in. MS KHAMPEPE: Are they represented Mr Mpshe? ADV MPSHE: They are also not represented. MS KHAMPEPE: Thank you. ADV MPSHE: Thank you. ADV DU PLESSIS: Mr Chairman, thank you. There is just one issue that I would want to raise now before I call Capt Mentz and that is that there was a meeting on Friday between myself, Mr Britz, Mr Mpshe and Mr Currin pertaining to documents to be used during these trials. I requested both gentlemen to provide us with documents in their possession. I requested Mr Mpshe to provide me with documents in his possession pertaining to any of these applications. I wanted to get hold of those documents beforehand so I can take it up with my clients and have knowledge of what the documents entail. I also requested Mr Currin to provide me with any documents in his possession which are, we discussed it, which are of evidentiary nature and which he would want to use in cross-examination of any of the applicants. He gave me an indication that he will provide me with such documents and I accept that he will do so. The only reason why I am raising this point now and I want to place this simply on record Mr Chairman, that I made such a request, is that the moment any documents come about or are introduced into evidence which have not been provided to the applicants in terms of that request and arrangement, I want to place on record now that I am going to object PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG ADV DU PLESSIS 58 ADDRESS against such documents, that I will ask for an adjournment to study the documents, to take it up with my clients if the Committee will allow me to, and that that is the case. I want to place that on record now and the reason why I do so is that Mr Mpshe mentioned when he addressed you that he was in possession of statements of people who were on the premises or who arrived at the body of Mr Tsele later, afterwards. I didn't understand him hundred percent correctly - I don't know if he is in possession of statements or if he had seen statements or whatever. Now it is not something that has prejudiced my clients, I am not going to make an issue of that at this stage but in any event in respect of this application, in respect of Mr Tsele, but what I want to do is I want to place this on record, so that if a document comes up later on in any application that I am not prejudiced. JUDGE MALL: Well, that shouldn't present any difficulties. Up to now your applicants have not been cross-examined on the contents of any documents. Mr Currin, you have given an undertaking that you will make documents available? MR CURRIN: That is correct and I certainly would do so. My learned friend overlooked to mention that he'd given a similar undertaking. JUDGE MALL: No, right now I am not interested in that debate. I want to know whether that can be done as soon as possible. MR CURRIN: It certainly can Sir. JUDGE MALL: Right. Thank you very much. ADV DU PLESSIS: Thank you Mr Chairman. May I call Captain Mentz? PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG ADV DU PLESSIS 58 CAPT MENTZ JUDGE MALL: Yes please. ADV DU PLESSIS: Thank you. WILLEM WOUTER MENTZ: (sworn states) EXAMINATION BY ADV DU PLESSIS: Mr Chairman, thank you. In respect of Captain Mentz, he hasn't given evidence in respect of any application before this Committee. He has set out a general background at the beginning of his application, starting at page 5. I would want with the Committee's permission that he is not required to read this out to the Committee into the record, but that this be accepted as part of his evidence. That would be from page 5 until page 24 and that deals with the following aspects: His career, his functions at Unit C1, Vlakplaas, the structure of command, the way operations worked at Vlakplaas, that is page 8, in respect of weapons that was used, page 9. Then the question of racism, page 11. The effect of these actions, also page 11. The destruction of documents, page 12 and then specifically on page 12, the psychological evaluation. You will see that as Annexure A an evaluation of him by a psychiatrist was attached. It is not the psychiatrist that I am going to use in presenting evidence pertaining to his condition, but it is a similar report. Then the general background about the struggle and then you will see on page 20 he refers to informants, page 21, the death of activists. On page 22, he deals with propaganda and then on page 24, he also deals with reconciliation. If you would allow me, I would request Captain Mentz to read to you the last paragraph on page 24. CAPT MENTZ: I am no longer sure today whether the things which I did, the things which I believed was in the interest PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG ADV DU PLESSIS 59 CAPT MENTZ of South Africa and of the country. I am unhappy about the loss sustained by family members of victims and I hope that my revelations in this regard will lead to reconciliation amongst all South Africans. I am proud to be a citizen of the new South Africa and would like to put the past behind me. ADV DU PLESSIS: Thank you Mr Chairman. May I proceed with the witness? JUDGE MALL: That is right. ADV DU PLESSIS: Captain, before we continue with the application with regard to Mr Ngqulunga, what is the nature of the psychological care that you are receiving? Do you still receive psychological care? CAPT MENTZ: This is the case. ADV DU PLESSIS: For how long have you been receiving such psychological therapy? CAPT MENTZ: For approximately three years, Mr Chairman. ADV DU PLESSIS: Does this therapy include treatment for post-traumatic stress? CAPT MENTZ: Yes, that is the case. ADV DU PLESSIS: Captain Mentz, could you briefly sketch the main events in your career just so that the Committee would have a brief overview. CAPT MENTZ; Mr Chairman, in 1977, December I joined the South African Police Force. In 1980 I was stationed at Brooklyn Detective Branch in Pretoria, subsequently I was transferred to Murder and Robbery Squad in Pretoria. While serving at Murder and Robbery I operated on occasion with the Security Branch, Northern Transvaal. While in service at Murder and Robbery, I arrested Mr Nofomela who was attached to Vlakplaas Unit C10. This is PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG ADV DU PLESSIS 60 CAPT MENTZ how I came in contact with the members of C1, Eugene de Kock and how I was transferred to Vlakplaas. That was during August of 1989. ADV DU PLESSIS: Captain, are you still a member of the Force? CAPT MENTZ: Yes, I am a serving member of the Force. ADV DU PLESSIS: When did the Vlakplaas Unit disband? CAPT MENTZ: If my memory does not fail me I believe it was during 1991. ADV DU PLESSIS: You do mention on page 7 of your application, November 1992, is that correct? CAPT MENTZ: That is correct. ADV DU PLESSIS: You were then transferred to the Unit for protected species in Pretoria, is that where you are still attached? CAPT MENTZ: Yes, that is where I am attached at this time. ADV DU PLESSIS: When did you come in contact with Nofomela? When did you arrest Nofomela and come into contact with Vlakplaas? CAPT MENTZ: It must have been during the time that I was attached to Murder and Robbery. ADV DU PLESSIS: Yes, but what year? CAPT MENTZ: If you allow me a moment ... ADV DU PLESSIS: If you look at page 6, Captain Mentz at the top, you will notice that you were transferred to Unit C1, Security Headquarters, Vlakplaas on this particular date. CAPT MENTZ: It was during August of 1988 when I became involved with the members of C1. ADV DU PLESSIS: Captain Mentz, on page 6 you say in the PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG ADV DU PLESSIS 61 CAPT MENTZ third paragraph, could you read this paragraph to the Committee? CAPT MENTZ: During the cases where I served the Security Branch, Captain Jacques Hechter asked me to assist them in operations. I helped the Security Branch because I considered this as part of my duties as Murder and Robbery, since most of these cases were against ANC members who were on occasion involved in murder. I needed this information in my own investigations as a Warrant Officer at Murder and Robbery. ADV DU PLESSIS: Captain, were you engaged in operations of the Security Branch while you were a member of Murder and Robbery? CAPT MENTZ: That is the case Mr Chairman. ADV DU PLESSIS: During those operations did you have the agreement of your superiors to be involved with the Security Branch? CAPT MENTZ: On occasion. ADV DU PLESSIS: Were there regular cooperation between the Security Branch and Murder and Robbery? CAPT MENTZ: Yes, that was the case. ADV DU PLESSIS: For what length of time, or rather how well and for what period of time, did you know Captain Hechter? CAPT MENTZ: Mr Chairman, during 1980 I met Captain Hechter. We were personal friends. I know him very well, or rather well. ADV DU PLESSIS: Capt Mentz, a final aspect with regard to the general background, during 1989 you began your service at Vlakplaas which is somewhat later than some of the other applicants. What was the position and attitude PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG ADV DU PLESSIS 61 CAPT MENTZ with regard to the Unit at Vlakplaas from 1989 when negotiations started with the liberation movements? CAPT MENTZ: Mr Chairman, the Vlakplaas Unit was still used primarily to track down arms used in acts of terror since it was believed that if the negotiations failed the ANC and other liberation organisations might well continue with the armed struggle. During the time of their unbanning it was easier for them to gain entry to the country, it was far easier for them to gain entry and it was believed that they would have had far easier access to firearms. ADV DU PLESSIS: Were there efforts to smuggle in firearms during this time? CAPT MENTZ: Yes, many such cases occurred. ADV DU PLESSIS: Captain Mentz, your view of your own actions during that time, say during the early 1990's, how did you consider your own actions, did you consider this as action against the liberation movements on behalf of the National Party? CAPT MENTZ: Yes, that is how I viewed my actions. ADV DU PLESSIS: Captain Mentz, let's page to your application with regard to Brian Ngqulunga. Captain Mentz, if we start at page 53, the date given there is 1987 or 1988, is that date correct? CAPT MENTZ: No, this date is incorrect. I've since determined the exact and correct date, namely 19 July 1990. The date is 19 July 1990. ADV DU PLESSIS: Captain Mentz, what was your rank during 1990? CAPT MENTZ: It was that of a Warrant Officer. ADV DU PLESSIS: How high up was this in the rank PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG ADV DU PLESSIS 62 CAPT MENTZ structure on Vlakplaas? CAPT MENTZ: It was very low, a very low rank. I was one of the foot soldiers of the Unit. ADV DU PLESSIS: Who was in charge of the Vlakplaas Unit at that time? CAPT MENTZ: Colonel Eugene de Kock, Chairperson. He was physically on Vlakplaas and we served directly under him and he was under the General Staff at Head Office and in this particular case, General Nick van Rensburg. ADV DU PLESSIS: From whom did you normally receive instructions while serving at Vlakplaas? CAPT MENTZ: Normally from Colonel Eugene de Kock, or sometimes from a small group of people who worked very closely with him. ADV DU PLESSIS; Could you expand for the Committee somewhat, you have mentioned a small group who worked with him. Could you give us some greater information about the structure of the commands at Vlakplaas? CAPT MENTZ: At Vlakplaas, you were not treated in terms of your rank. Eugene de Kock used several of his own friends and people whom he trusted, such as Willie Nortje, Chappie Klopper, people who are now State witnesses and who now work for National Intelligence. These people, Willie Nortje for instance, was also a Warrant Officer and he could not under normal circumstances give instructions to a Major or a Captain, but were he to give such instructions, it was considered to have come directly from Eugene de Kock. We did not receive all instructions directly, verbally from Eugene de Kock. Sometimes from other persons who served under him and whose instructions were considered to have been instructions from Eugene de Kock. PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG ADV DU PLESSIS 63 CAPT MENTZ The instructions we received from Eugene de Kock we never questioned or doubted, we believed and the idea was created among us, that these were in fact the instructions of the top structure of the South African Police Force since Eugene de Kock on his visits to Pretoria, was always at Head Office and since he had access to several highly placed senior officers amongst whom were Generals. ADV DU PLESSIS: May I interrupt. You mentioned Nortje, what was the other name? CAPT MENTZ: Chappies Kloppers. There are several other such persons. ADV DU PLESSIS: Are both these persons now in service of National Intelligence? CAPT MENTZ: Yes, to my knowledge they are. They are also State witnesses for the prosecution. ADV DU PLESSIS: Were there occasions with regard to instructions of Colonel de Kock where you argued with him with regard to his instructions or asked him questions, or did you simply accept his instructions? CAPT MENTZ: No, Mr Chairman, the modus operandi within which we lived on Vlakplaas was such that if De Kock gave an instruction or said something, you did not ask questions. At a later stage in fact, when I started working at Vlakplaas, when I had just come from Murder and Robbery, just after I had arrested Almond Nofomela I was in the trust of De Kock for a number of months. He could probably determine from my behaviour that I did not always agree with his approach and the way in which he worked, I then ceased to be one of the people whom he trusted and I became a mere foot soldier. I want to confirm again that such instructions as I PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG ADV DU PLESSIS 64 CAPT MENTZ received from De Kock, or from those persons who worked with him, I believed to have been instructions from Head Office. ADV DU PLESSIS: If you say it comes from Police Head Office, from whom do you mean did these instructions come? CAPT MENTZ; Firstly from the Commanding General at that time, the General in command of Unit C1, now Unit C10 at Vlakplaas. There were several such Generals. With regard to the particular case now at hand in my application, is General Nick van Rensburg and at a later stage it was General Krappies Engelbrecht. And they were linked to General Johan le Roux as well as General Basie Smit. Several other Generals and also the Commissioner serving at that time, at that particular time. ADV DU PLESSIS: Captain Mentz, had there ever been an incident in which you had doubts in the reasons for an instruction given to you by Colonel de Kock? CAPT MENTZ: No Mr Chairman, as I have already given testimony I personally saw these instructions as having been agreed to by Police Head Office and that he had received those instructions from Police Headquarters. I did not consider myself to be in a position where I could ask questions as I have already given testimony, I was a foot soldier who could simply act on instructions, I believed that if these instructions were given from Head Office, that they were in fact in the interests of the country and I acted in terms of that belief. ADV DU PLESSIS: With regard to the general actions at Vlakplaas while you served there from 1990 to the end of 1992, could you for the Committee give a general idea of the kind of actions in which you were involved while working there? PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG ADV DU PLESSIS 64 CAPT MENTZ CAPT MENTZ: Mr Chairman we worked in teams, the permanent police officer as well as a group of ascaris. Then we would for instance go to the Eastern Transvaal and there we would go to the local Security Branch and would assist them in the identification of returnee activists and terrorists. We assisted them in tracking down such activists and during the last part of that period, we largely acted to track down firearms used in acts of terror and we also assisted in a number of cases where crimes were involved, where we could gain information. ADV DU PLESSIS: Captain Mentz, with regard to the firearms used by you during that time, were these firearms which were legitimately made available to you or did you also use illegal firearms? CAPT MENTZ; Mr Chairman, when I arrived at Vlakplaas there was a set of firearms of which there was complete records kept which was made available to me. I had to sign for these firearms and take responsibility for these firearms, this was entirely legal and legitimate. There were as far as I know, occasions on which firearms used in acts of terror which were then made available to us - such as mufflers for firearms, and so forth. These firearms were then handed back subsequently and were then destroyed. ADV DU PLESSIS: Captain Mentz, could you briefly give the Committee an idea of the effect of these operations at Vlakplaas, how successful do you consider the Unit at Vlakplaas to have been between 1990 and the end of 1992? CAPT MENTZ: Mr Chairman, in documents that I would hand in at a later stage there are results by the Unit which were considerably successful with regard to stolen vehicles, drugs, firearms. The Unit functioned successfully, this was PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG ADV DU PLESSIS 65 CAPT MENTZ a period of transition from the previous modus operandi of the Unit and the previous purposes as Brigadier Cronje has already given testimony. While we had to make these adjustments, when the liberation organisations were unbanned, we particularly focused on firearms used in acts of terror and the tracking down of information with regard to criminal activities. ADV DU PLESSIS: Captain Mentz, briefly again, you served at a far later stage or you served in the Force after the other applicants were no longer serving. You are still a member of the Force. Could you give the Committee any further information with regard to the destruction of documentation? CAPT MENTZ: Mr Chairman, while still stationed at the Unit Vlakplaas, we were given instructions and I cannot say that this came directly from De Kock or from whom, it may be from any of the other Officers, that gave us the instruction to destroy all documentations in our possession. We for instance had photo albums of identified activists who had been exiles and who might have been returnee exiles with their particulars, there were a number of reports, all of these were burnt. Every person destroyed their own documentation, as well as the documentation kept in our offices. All of that documentation was destroyed. ADV DU PLESSIS: Were you personally involved in the destruction of these documents? CAPT MENTZ: Yes, I destroyed and I burnt my own documentation and the photo albums as mentioned, personally. ADV DU PLESSIS: Can you remember who directly gave you instruction in this regard? CAPT MENTZ: It must have been one of the Officers on PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG ADV DU PLESSIS 66 CAPT MENTZ Vlakplaas, I cannot tell you that De Kock gave that instruction to me personally, but that might have been the case. I considered this instruction to have been from De Kock and I had been under the impression that it came from Security Branch Head Office, since I knew that we had an office at Security Branch Head Office, and I know that that documentation had also been destroyed, my deduction had been that this was an instruction from the top. ADV DU PLESSIS: Captain Mentz, while serving at Vlakplaas, were there any particular incidents where courses were presented and during which you were given information where, if I may say so, you were brainwashed with regard to the liberation movements? CAPT MENTZ: Yes, Mr Chairman. I went to a Security Course and every day we were told that the Republic, the country could only be protected if the liberation movements were combatted in the most extreme way. This continued even after some of the liberation movements were allowed. We were told that we had to see to it that the people who worked for us, for instance the ascaris, that they did not have access to first hand information which they could hand through, or give through to any of the liberation movements. ADV DU PLESSIS: Captain Mentz, you sat in on the evidence given by all four of the other applicants with regard to a range of incidents, and you were present when Brigadier Cronje gave testimony with regard to the general background to the struggle, the reasons for certain actions and certain steps that were taken, and particularly the testimony with regard to the fact that the Security Branch, including Vlakplaas, was in fact the political arm of the National Party, can you remember this testimony? PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG ADV DU PLESSIS 67 CAPT MENTZ CAPT MENTZ: I remember this testimony and I support it. ADV DU PLESSIS: Captain Mentz your involvement in Vlakplaas was at a later date than that of Brigadier Cronje, was the view of the operatives at Vlakplaas during the time of your service there, while in fact negotiations were already engaged in with the liberation movements, were you still considered to have acted as the arm of the National Party? CAPT MENTZ: Yes, that was still the view. ADV DU PLESSIS: Political wing or military wing or police wing, what would that be? CAPT MENTZ: Mr Chairman, the testimony was and I apologise that it was in fact the police arm, or in reality, I am trying to remember the exact testimony of Brigadier Cronje at this time, but as far as I can remember the testimony it was that the Security Branch was an extension, an arm of the National Party. It was not simply a section of the South African Police which acted with regard to normal Government and Police actions. It was in fact a wing of the National Party, in the words of the speaker, a political wing of the National Party if I remember the testimony of Brigadier Cronje. ADV DU PLESSIS: Would you confirm this Captain Mentz? CAPT MENTZ: I would confirm this, and the Vlakplaas Unit would have been the armed wing of the Security Branch. ADV DU PLESSIS: Captain Mentz, there is a single aspect which I want to cover with you in general testimony before we continue to specific testimony, namely the fact that prior to 1990, or rather 1989, when you became involved in Vlakplaas, you took part in a number, or rather one or two actions of the Security Branch, while still in service at PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG ADV DU PLESSIS 67 CAPT MENTZ Murder and Robbery. We have touched on this to some extent already. I want us to rather go into some greater detail with regard to this testimony since it is of importance with regard to the general background of your testimony as well as with regard to particular incidents. Could you sketch for the Committee how you would have been approached by the Security Branch and what exactly would have taken place and how you were involved in such actions of the Security Branch? CAPT MENTZ: Mr Chairman during my service at Murder and Robbery I was a Detective at Murder and Robbery, I had knowledge of the activities of the Security Branch and for the reasons of ...(indistinct), but I had not undergone any security training. In my own individual manner I knew that for instance the PAC or any of the liberation movements that some of the people said that, this is the information made available to me, that were they not able to arm themselves they would have had to do an armed robbery to gain funding sometimes for their organisations. At that time I had very little knowledge of what an activist was. Were you a member of the ANC/PAC or a communist organisation, you were considered to have been a terrorist and even if you were only positively inclined towards these movements, you would have been in my eyes, a terrorist. If any of these persons were then engaged in an armed robbery, I would have been interested in their action. I can refer for instance to the Silverton bank robbery. I cannot remember the year in which that occurred, but there were four or five terrorists who were killed and a number of members - civilians. PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG ADV DU PLESSIS 68 CAPT MENTZ The main purpose of liberation movements was to free the country from suppression and in the process my view was that they took part in armed robbery and that innocent persons were killed. I then saw the combatting of the liberation movements as part of my work at Murder and Robbery. Captain Hechter and myself have known each other for a long period of time, we were in a relationship of trust towards each other. He would have for instance phoned me in a late afternoon to ask me whether I was available to assist him, I would have agreed and would have accompanied them. It was not always necessary for me to go to my immediate Commanding Officer to receive his agreement for this action, I saw this as part of my normal duties. I cooperated with the Security Branch and worked with them as necessary. ADV DU PLESSIS: Captain Mentz, under whose command would you have acted in such a case? CAPT MENTZ: According to me under Captain Hechter who was at that time a Lieutenant, under his direct command and then eventually under Brigadier Jack Cronje on those occasions where he was at his office. He did not always work, he might have been on leave, but I would have seen it as having been under the District Commissioner of the District Northern Transvaal and of course eventually under Police Head Office. ADV DU PLESSIS: Captain Mentz, it is important that we present this testimony because your period differs somewhat from that of the other applicants, you were involved in Vlakplaas during the latter period when Colonel de Kock was also involved. There were many reports in the newspapers with regard to Colonel de Kock's actions during that time. PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG ADV DU PLESSIS 69 CAPT MENTZ Colonel de Kock has been charged with regard to certain of these actions and he has been found guilty in a criminal court with regard to certain of these acts. While serving at Vlakplaas Captain Mentz, were you aware of any criminal activities at Vlakplaas? I am not talking about your operations, I am talking about other aspects. CAPT MENTZ: Mr Chairman, I had some suspicions but Eugene de Kock had certain persons whom he trusted and what they might have done, we other normal police officers who were the foot soldiers there, would not have necessarily known. I had suspected that there were irregularities but during the last year and a half while serving under Eugene de Kock, we seldom spoke to each other, we greeted each other when necessary and that was the extent of our relationship. General Engelbrecht also transferred me to another branch of the Unit, since I couldn't get along with De Kock. ADV DU PLESSIS: Captain Mentz, did you ask for a transfer to Vlakplaas on your own? How were you transferred to Vlakplaas? CAPT MENTZ: Mr Chairman, with Almond Nofomela's arrest I came into contact with Eugene de Kock, they approached me and asked me whether I wanted to come and work with them and this is how it works in the police, you can't simply be drafted, so I made an application and my Commanding Officer, General Britz then denied this application. At a later time I made a second application which was then orally refused, but I asked him and he passed it on and I was then transferred. ADV DU PLESSIS: Did you ever discuss this with Brigadier Cronje? CAPT MENTZ: Yes, I did. PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG ADV DU PLESSIS 69 CAPT MENTZ ADV DU PLESSIS: What was his attitude Captain Mentz? CAPT MENTZ: At that time he attempted do dissuade me from going to Vlakplaas. ADV DU PLESSIS: What was his reasons for this, what did he say? CAPT MENTZ: Mr Chairman, I cannot remember his direct words, but he basically said that there would not have been a future for me at the Unit at Vlakplaas. General Suiker Britz, now General Suiker Britz, then Commanding Officer at Murder and Robbery also strongly attempted to dissuade me from joining Vlakplaas. ADV DU PLESSIS: Mr Chairman, it is necessary for me to lead this evidence because this specific witness and the incidents he applies for, fall a little bit outside the ambit of the evidence that was presented in respect of all four the other applicants. Just to clarify the fact that I am leading some of this evidence it was important to do that. Mr Chairman, this specific incident is an incident in respect of which I intend to lead some further evidence more broadly than what is contained in this application. I do not foresee that we are going to finalise this application this afternoon and I would prefer, and I would request the Committee to give me the opportunity to deal with this tomorrow after having viewed the video's that we want to show to the Committee. If the Committee will allow me to. JUDGE MALL; Is the position that those video's will be available to be screened at 9 o'clock? ADV DU PLESSIS; Yes, Mr Chairman, we have made arrangements with the SABC, they will assist us with that very graciously and we would like to extend out thanks to PRETORIA HEARING AMNESTY/GAUTENG ADV DU PLESSIS 70 CAPT MENTZ them. They will assist us and we will be able to do that. We will also endeavour to go through the video's tonight and I will try to pinpoint the exact, specific aspects that we want to show to the Committee so as not to waste unnecessary time in that regard. JUDGE MALL: Very well, you may resume the leading of the more specific evidence of this witness tomorrow morning, after we have had an opportunity of viewing those video's which you want to show us. We will then adjourn now and formally constitute ourselves, the Committee, at 9 o'clock tomorrow morning. ADV DU PLESSIS: Thank you Mr Chairman. JUDGE MALL: Sure. Mr Currin, you will be available at nine o'clock tomorrow morning? MR CURRIN: I will be available Sir. JUDGE MALL: Mr Mpshe, that is convenient is it? ADV MPSHE; It is convenient Mr Chairman, thank you. JUDGE MALL: Thank you. We will adjourn. COMMISSION ADJOURNS