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ANC camps

Explanation
The ANC established bases in several African countries. The Department of Intelligence and Security (DIS), together with the military headquarters of MK, had control over residential centres and the Angolan camps, including 'Camp 32' or the Morris Seabelo Rehabilitation Centre (popularly known as 'Quatro'), Panga, Viana and the Nova Catengue camp. Following the SADF bombing of Nova Catengue camp in 1979, there was an atmosphere of paranoia about infiltration by South African agents. A number of ANC members were detained and tortured; some died as a result of assaults and some were executed. Dissatisfaction in MK training camps in Angola led to mutinies at the Viana and Pango camps during 1984. Both mutinies were put down with loss of lives on both sides. Many MK members were detained in connection with the uprisings, and some were tortured. Two groups of mutineers were tried by military tribunals and seven were executed.

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... include ambushes on security forces, the police and the soldiers; attacks on police facilities like police stations or military facilities like camps, etcetera. And of course as a matter of fact I am going to shoulder responsibility, as the director of operations, of everything that happened ...
The first wave of horror came in May 1986. Over three days the ‘fathers,’ or witdoeke systematically burned three satellite squatter camps around Crossroads to the ground. The security forces then stepped in. They encircled the area with barbed wire to prevent the 30 000 left homeless by the ...
... them and we challenge…who was moving around collecting such misinformation. The reality is that definitely people were losing lives from both camps. We had lost valuable figures among ourselves and I would assume as well that the other group had also suffered the same problem. But to say ...
Commission is issuing subpoenas this week for a special hearing on the topic after new information has come to light. Next week we take you into the ANC’s camps in neighbouring states with tales of torture and we introduce you to a man who has the inside story of much of the violence in ...
After presentation by Matthews Phosa, now premier of Mpumalanga, and a protracted hunger strike charges against Hlongwane were withdrawn and he returned to South Africa in August 1991. On his return he found that his mother had been necklaced as a result of his activities. // The issue of my ...
Tutu and Doctor Alex Boraine?s visit to the Women?s Monument in Bloemfontein, commemorating the women and children who died in British concentration camps. ...
... saw us divided. That’s when it got into the gap, whichever way they got into, whether they used who and who, but the gap was created by us: both ...
... and applying extraordinary measures, yes going underground, yes spying, yes having covert actions, having a state of emergency, putting people in camps without trial, all that yes. But not murdering people, not assassination; it was never part of the policy. // How would a reasonable person ...
... now working against his former Comrades. Their conflict came to a head when the state decided to upgrade Crossroads. This meant that the squatter camps had to be cleared and their people moved to Khayelitsha. But the people would not be moved. Does this explain the sudden and systematic attack ...
... shattered by the paranoia of the new Soviet leader, Joseph Stalin. Millions of people were labelled enemies of the revolution and sent to labour camps or gulags. Many millions died or were executed. Among those were three South Africans who were in Moscow at the time. This is the sad story of ...
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