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right-wing attacks

Explanation
Prior to February 1990, violations committed by members of right-wing organisations took the form of isolated attacks with a strong racist character. During the early 1990s, members of right-wing organisations, perceiving themselves to be placed under siege by the process of constitutional negotiations for a democratic dispensation, carried out a large number of attacks aimed at securing the political interests of conservative Afrikaners. Isolated racist attacks on individuals were replaced by mass demonstrations and orchestrated bombing and sabotage campaigns. Between April 1993 and May 1994, right-wing groups engaged in a range of activities to disrupt the negotiations process then underway, and later to destabilise the electoral process. Many of these acts were directed against persons perceived to be supporters and leaders of the ANC, the SACP, the UDF, the PAC and the National Party, and resulted in gross violations of human rights. Violations of a purely racial character were also carried out against black people. During the pre-election period, the AWB and other right-wing organisations engaged in a bombing campaign with the aim of derailing the electoral process. The objective of these activities was to move towards 'overthrowing' the National Party government and to establish a Boererepubliek (Boer republic) and volkstaat. Public areas such as taxi ranks, bus stops and railway stations were targeted, as were private residential and business premises of those associated with the ANC or the unfolding democratic order. State property was also targeted, especially following the announcement that the Group Areas Act was to be repealed and schools opened to all. A number of formerly 'white' schools were bombed. The campaign involved many acts of sabotage, some of which led to the loss of life.

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... leader and businessperson who had previously lived in their area but who had left when he joined Inkatha. It was alleged that the deceased had led attacks on their community by Inkatha supporters and that such attackers were often accompanied and assisted by KwaZulu police. It was alleged that ...
... lost his leg when the landmines detonated. It was discovered that the same ANC members who had planted the landmines were planning to launch other attacks in the Eastern Transvaal, including attacks on farmhouses, on a white primary ...
Mr Cele, you have testified that you knew of no violence in Nkwali except for the attacks that were carried out on your comrades, is that so?
and the driver and Comrade Chris, and Comrade Chris is telling us that the people are complaining and the MKs here inside the country, but there are attacks that the people are complaining with, that at night there are attacks - he tell us about the death squad and also the detectives and the taxi ...
... staying in hostels fighting the residents in the township and that it was their primary duty as SDU members to defend the community from such attacks. Significantly, all ANC members that had prior to the height of violence stayed at these hostels had moved out of those hostels because of ...
"... they arrived on the evening of the 24th and we discovered that or there was a rumour that they had come to launch some revenge attacks for Martin's death on the 25th of December."
... were to be members, just in case they train people who were not members, who would receive the training and would thereafter go and carry out attacks ...
MR VAN DER MERWE: Well let me put it this way. You expected attacks on that facility earlier already, am I correct to say that?
DR RANDERA: Now do you know if in that period before the fatal shooting of your son, there had been any attacks on the principal, physical attacks on the principal or on his home or on the school that he was teaching at?
The NP regime failed to repudiate or reject any Security Force attacks on prominent ANC leaders in exile creating clearly the impression of tacit approval for those attacks.
VAN RENSBURG: Okay now let's turn to the incidents that took place on the 25th to the 28th of February of that year, and I specifically refer to the attacks that were launched at the house of the deceased's brother, Mr Petrus Mahvunga and I want to ask you, were you part and parcel of those ...
An armed group of more than 60 men, including the Applicants, proceeded to Towlendeni where the attacks were to be launched. The first Applicant, Gumbi was armed with a 9mm pistol, a shotgun and a spear, while the second Applicant, Zuma, was armed with a spear.
... because the ANC were convinced that the deceased and Sitofu were informers of the IFP. They had been used by the IFP to intensify and increase the attacks on ANC members. The ANC wished to safeguard its members from being killed by the IFP. The killing of the deceased was part of the ...
MR NDLOVU: I also thank you, Sir. Mr Ndlovu, you have quite a history and I think it would be best if you tell us first a little bit abour yourself, your background and what actually led to all of these attacks taking place against you.
MR BOOYENS: What form did attacks on houses take, arson etc?
CHAIRPERSON: Thank you. Mr Sibiya, after this incident, to your knowledge, I know that you were arrested soon after that, but to your knowledge, were there any further attacks of PAC persons by the ANC?
MS NHLAYISI: Did you understand the question? When you were a member of the SDUs and your comrades were launching attacks or were defending your community, were you in agreement with what they were doing?
... Solomon Moroape and Derrick Skosana turned up at the applicant's house. According to him they brought their own weapons and were sent to carry out attacks on enemy agents. In this connection they mentioned the name of Johannes Shabangu as being one of them. As a result of this an attack on the ...
... detainee. The 16th June date was just four days away and in the past it was a date where actions were taken against the government - protests, attacks in that period of time and this death could have resulted in an intensifying of actions aimed at the government of the ...
MR KLOPPERS: The purpose was for the guerilla fighters because we acted in small groups. The guerilla fighters had to use these weapons in their attacks.
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