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right-wing attacks

Explanation
Prior to February 1990, violations committed by members of right-wing organisations took the form of isolated attacks with a strong racist character. During the early 1990s, members of right-wing organisations, perceiving themselves to be placed under siege by the process of constitutional negotiations for a democratic dispensation, carried out a large number of attacks aimed at securing the political interests of conservative Afrikaners. Isolated racist attacks on individuals were replaced by mass demonstrations and orchestrated bombing and sabotage campaigns. Between April 1993 and May 1994, right-wing groups engaged in a range of activities to disrupt the negotiations process then underway, and later to destabilise the electoral process. Many of these acts were directed against persons perceived to be supporters and leaders of the ANC, the SACP, the UDF, the PAC and the National Party, and resulted in gross violations of human rights. Violations of a purely racial character were also carried out against black people. During the pre-election period, the AWB and other right-wing organisations engaged in a bombing campaign with the aim of derailing the electoral process. The objective of these activities was to move towards 'overthrowing' the National Party government and to establish a Boererepubliek (Boer republic) and volkstaat. Public areas such as taxi ranks, bus stops and railway stations were targeted, as were private residential and business premises of those associated with the ANC or the unfolding democratic order. State property was also targeted, especially following the announcement that the Group Areas Act was to be repealed and schools opened to all. A number of formerly 'white' schools were bombed. The campaign involved many acts of sabotage, some of which led to the loss of life.

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The attacks by and counter attacks against these organisations continued unabated to the extent that mediatory meetings aimed at diffusing the conflict were convened by the national leadership of both the ANC and the SACP which were presided over by inter alia the late Harry Gwala and Blade ...
... who were engaged in robberies and various criminal acts such as housebreaking etcetera, and that these persons were available to assist him in attacks and so on, attacks on ANC ...
MR VISSER: Would you accept that he was planning to execute attacks on, well attacks in South Africa, would you accept that?
MS KHAMPEPE: Mr Mpshe, may I interpose. Does it mean that when you were at Ndaleni the alleged members of the PAC, sorry, of the IFP from Gengeshe came and continued to launch attacks against you whilst you were at Ndaleni?
CHAIRPERSON: We have to try not to attack each other, launch scathing attacks on each other. Tell us about what happened to you, how and things related to your statement, what was written in your statement so that whatever other allegations are made about other people that they would be able to ...
MR VAN DER MERWE: Well let me put it this way. You expected attacks on that facility earlier already, am I correct to say that?
Mr Cele, you have testified that you knew of no violence in Nkwali except for the attacks that were carried out on your comrades, is that so?
... period.  They disputed the version of Coetzee and the other white officers that the information furnished by Ms Simelane led to the false flag attacks on the electrical power stations or was instrumental in the arrest of a number of persons linked to MK.  Despite the sustained assaults ...
... the three targets with Macebo, who was the unit driver Siphiwo Mqweso who has already been referred to. The arms and ammunition used in all three attacks were supplied to them by members of the then PAC Regional Executive Committee, namely Theo Mabusela, Michael Siyolo and Richard Madala. ...
... the firearms taken from hostel dwellers, back to the hostel. The other role that he had, or which he told me and which I believed, is that the attacks, he contributed in carrying out attacks against the community together with the hostel ...
VAN RENSBURG: Okay now let's turn to the incidents that took place on the 25th to the 28th of February of that year, and I specifically refer to the attacks that were launched at the house of the deceased's brother, Mr Petrus Mahvunga and I want to ask you, were you part and parcel of those ...
... unbanned ANC and SACP in Tladi squatter camp in Soweto. He describes a situation where the camp's occupants became the targets of increasing attacks on them by residents of the neighbouring IFP aligned ...
Here again, the two attacks were directed at the South African Defence Force. The acts were immediately directed at State authority and were in line with the political objective pursued by the applicant. However, the application for amnesty in respect of these two acts is
CAPT HECHTER: Yes, at that stage we operated in that fashion. Most of our attacks, the ANC would
MR HATTINGH: Did you ever receive information that persons at her club, there were persons involved who on their own were involved with attacks on police officers?
... it's membership in those areas and the residents in general who lived in those areas, these mechanisms were designed to defend those people from attacks by other groupings. It was explained that it was necessary to establish what is now known as self defence units because and in particular ...
... say, "This boy is a known killer, he's been involved in violence, here are all the witnesses", the people who told you that he had been involved in attacks on them, and hand him straight over? You had the witnesses with you, according to your ...
MR DOLO: Yes, I did report reports if there were attacks or whatever.
the killings, attempted killing and possessing unlicensed firearm and ammunition, the context in which it occurred, in particular, the fact that the attacks were directed at political opponents, we are satisfied that the killings and attempted killings were associated with a political objective as ...
In the particular conditions applying to Botswana, we tried to avoid the identity of the senior organ even being known to the substructures, because we were operating in a country where conditions were very vulnerable to South African regime infiltration and attacks.
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