self-defence units (SDUs)

... remote hills of the region, there was no possibility of remaining outside the fray. For many, fight or flight became the only options. Self-defence units, made up primarily of young local men, mushroomed in these areas. Statistics 216. One hundred ANC-linked persons applied for amnesty in ...

... as a result of third force activities, the leadership of the ANC established and, in some instances encouraged the establishment of self-defence units (SDUs), which played a critical role in the defence of defenceless communities. In the event, and to the extent that any of the activities of ...

(code-named ‘Polite’), to launch operations against the SAP in his area. He testified that he had been an APLA regional commander with several units under his command and that he had been deployed in the Gauteng area (then Transvaal) in early 1993. 69. The ambush of a police vehicle was ...

The operatives travelled on foot from Lesotho, Dolo carrying a bag of rifle grenades, M26 grenades and Molotovs. At Ficksburg they divided into two units. The first, commanded by Dolo, attacked a house at No. 143 Veld Street , F i c k s burg. The second, commanded by Khotle, targeted an old age ...

... South Africa,” he said. In this particular case, the plan had been to halt the vehicle carrying the insurgents at a roadblock. Several police units and members of Five Reconnaissance Battalion based at Phalaborwa were involved. Sergeant Mathews Sehlwana, the driver of the minibus, was ...

... did the Committee avail itself of the opportunity to receive such inputs. This was helpful in matters concerning witchcraft, the self-defence units (SDUs), the policies of the Azanian People’s Liberation Army ( A P L A )6 0 and the activities of so-called right-wing groupings. Given the ...

Self-defence units in the Vaal 603 The formation of armed militias in the Vaal was internally sanctioned by the ANC in November 1990 in response to the conflict with between the ANC and IFP in the area. However, the formation of SDUs precipitated a power struggle in Sebokeng between ...

... an increase in the number of abuses perpetrated by groups allied to the liberation movements – the African National Congress (ANC) self-defence units (SDUs), the Azanian People’s Liberation Army (APLA), vigilante groups and other surrogate forces. ...

... (Red Falcons),the Witkruisarende (Black Eagles), the Penkoppe ( Youth), Stormvalke (Storm Falcons), the underwater unit and various ‘ethnic’ units such as the exclusively Portuguese commandos in Johannesburg. In 1993, an air wing was also introduced and parachute training initiated. 21. ...

... prevalent in, but not limited to, the Northern Province. The second category concerned a cluster of cases involving the activities of self-defence units (SDUs) in the townships, some of which did not, strictly speaking, require a hearing, but were ultimately heard to ensure that the Committee ...

Self-defence units and township violence 26. The Final Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (the Commission) discussed the phenomenon of SDUs and the various acts of violence their members committed in many parts of the country2 9. It will not, therefore, be elaborated on here. 27. ...

... suspects could be brought before due process of law. Electric shocks to the genitals appear to have been a commonplace method of torture. 109 Units of both the Bophuthatswana Defence Force and the Bophuthatswana Police Force were posted to Thaba'Nchu. Statements made to the Commission about ...

... de Kock. 446 In reviewing the evidence before the Commission, and based on the cases detailed above, it appears that the following divisions and units were involved in extra-judicial killings: Vlakplaas, Port Natal, Northern Transvaal, Eastern Cape, Witwatersrand (Soweto), Eastern Transvaal, ...

... violent conflict were illustrated in evidence given at the Children and Youth hearings by Mr George Ndlozi, who had been involved with self-defence units (SDUs). Ms Seroke: George were there girl SDUs? Mr Ndlozi: Yes. Ms Seroke: And what was their role? Mr Ndlozi: There were some of them who ...

... to mobilise communities and replace what were described as ‘illegitimate’ structures with block committees, street committees, self defence units and people’s courts. 151 Community councillors became the fated symbols of the spiralling social problems within communities. Overcrowding, ...

... getting together, having a braaivleis and swapping bush stories. What it is, is SWAPO, ANC, APLA, Umkhonto weSizwe, Koevoet, ‘Reccies’, all the units, every single unit, everybody who ever was trained in any way militarily getting together and just trying to make some kind of sense of the ...

... 1985-1989, one youth committed suicide and six others were hospitalised for nervous breakdowns because of their exile.25 The breakdown of family units and broken connections with extended families caused by the exodus affected the lives of many young people. Concluding remarks 117 Those who ...

... by appointing General Pierre Steyn, assisted by General Conradie of the SAP, to conduct an investigation into the activities of certain military units. 19 General Steyn based his investigation on two investigative initiatives already underway and reported to President de Klerk and senior ...

... the Boland and the Northern Cape, began protests against conservative local authorities. Shadowy ‘balaclava’ gangs, renegade self-defence units (SDUs) and warring taxi groupings left a trail of killings in the African areas. ...

... MEMBERS OF THE IFP, PAC, AZAPO AND THE SAP; CONTRIBUTING TO A SPIRAL OF VIOLENCE IN THE COUNTRY THROUGH THE CREATION AND ARMING OF SELF-DEFENCE UNITS (SDUS). WHILST ACKNOWLEDGING THAT IT WAS NOT THE POLICY OF THE ANC TO ATTACK AND KILL POLITICAL OPPONENTS, THE COMMISSION FINDS THAT IN THE ...