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councillorsExplanation ... the East Rand and Vaal Triangle. In particular, there was increasing anxiety about their seeming inability to protect black policemen and community councillors, a core component of their reform strategy but at the same time an increasingly vulnerable underbelly. He told the Commission: [W]e knew ... ... and the involvement of white men in deliveries of weapons and in the planning of an attack on Black City. Links to other groups 445 Certain town councillors in both the Lingelethu West and Crossroads town council were taxi owners themselves. The statement by criminal ‘balaclava’ ... ... Ndemane, on the 13 May 1992, as he was leaving a community meeting where residents were voicing their complaints against the council and its councillors. The accused were subsequently acquitted in the High Court by a judge who strongly criticised the SAP investigation. LRC investigations ... ... onwards but extended as far as Strand and Somerset West. A further dimension emerged when WECUSA members began working with Lingelethu West town councillors from 1991. The complexities of these conflicts which frequently led to violence cannot be described here but a few examples are given ... ... resistance following 1984, such campaigns were increasingly associated with violence at a local level. Targets of such violence included community councillors, black policemen, those who broke boycotts and groups such as Inkatha. 133 There were a few ANC acts of sabotage in this period that ... ... five attacks carried out in 1986 and 1987 by Mr Velaphi Dlamini, a local MK operative in Soweto [AM3887/96; AC/1999/0317], targeted male and female councillors. Family members, children and visitors were sometimes casualties of these attacks. 62. The most common forms of attack were grenades ... ... in the Orange Free State, being accepted in Bloemfontein, for example (though with a 29 per cent poll), but rejected from the outset by UBC councillors in other townships, because of a lack of proper consultation with local representatives. 46 The Black Community Development Bill No 112 ... as being barred from the health club or (as is commonly alleged) white Afrikaans schools still seem commonplace. Interaction between black and white councillors seems to have built a certain level of mutual trust and a sense of partnership, and this has been broadened through the operation of ... specified injuries. 121 Of the 315 attacks using explosives, thirty-two involved attacks on individual homes (usually those of police and community councillors) and sixteen involved landmines. 122 For example AM 5307/97 ,AM 5886/97. 123 These statistics were obtained from police documentation ... ... abuse. The following event hearings took place: a The 1976 Soweto student uprising. b The 1986 Alexandra six-day war that followed attacks on councillors. c The KwaNdebele/Moutse homeland incorporation conflict. d The killing of farmers in the former Transvaal. e The 1985 Trojan Horse ... ... were identified for incorporation into KwaZulu. A large number of residents in these townships opposed incorporation into KwaZulu. Non-Inkatha councillors withdrew from the township local councils as an act of protest and clashes subsequently occurred between those opposing incorporation ... ... of violations was committed by participants in campaigns. Such violations include direct attacks on government bodies and agents such as community councillors, security forces, kitskonstabels (special constables) and municipal police and those perceived to be, or associated with, informers. 232 ... ... reports also indicate that the residents or ANC supporters engaged in attacks upon those seen to be collaborating with the state – primarily councillors or black police personnel. This mainly took the form of stoning and petrol bomb attacks on their property. 451 In mid-July 1990, ... ... unbanned PAC and ANC during the 1990s; j the use by UDF supporters of the ‘necklacing’ method of killing opponents such as community councillors, police and those perceived to be collaborating with the government; k violations committed during clashes between different security ... ... ends in violence with at least eight deaths. (The march follows several months of conflict between the local ANC-aligned structures and town councillors). The Harms Commission Report rejects confessions made by Dirk Coetzee, and other security police officers in November. It absolves the ... ... retaliated. Resistance and revolutionary groupings 123 Black police officers — especially the Security Branch — township municipal councillors and people regarded by UDF supporters as collaborating with the state were targets of attack. Resistance to homeland rule 124 ... ... These clashes were characteristic of this period, evidenced in police shootings of UDF-aligned protesters, UDF attacks on police and community councillors – the Black Local Authorities (BLAs) – and the accompanying practice of ‘necklace’ killings and burnings, the ... rural cases of necklacing or burning appear to target people breaking the consumer boycott (two cases), black SAP personnel (three cases), community councillors or their relatives (two cases) and a township administration clerk. 284 In the Peninsula, two cases of necklacing were reported in ... ... in January if they renounce violence. Most refuse. Widespread attacks begin on ‘collaborators’, including police and community councillors, by residents in both urban and rural areas across the country. These killings result in numerous ‘common purpose’ trials ... ... attacks on IFP-aligned individuals to the roles these individuals played as ‘state collaborators’, whether as warlords, vigilantes, councillors or informers. The ANC denied “allegations to the effect that MK has been engaged in ‘serial mass murder’ of Inkatha ... |
