Inkatha

of formal coercive mechanisms such as homeland armies, this period saw the emergence of conservative vigilante organisations, most notably Imbokodo, Inkatha and Kabasa. These are discussed in the section entitled Vigilantes below, and in more detail in the Homelands chapter in another volume of ...

... of the African National Congress (ANC), the United Democratic Front (UDF), and the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC). Unlike the national pattern, no Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) members were reported killed in the Western Cape. 7 A similar pattern emerges for cases of severe ill treatment, with ...

... Mail and Guardian Will, R G Woods, D Political Parties African Christian Democratic Party African National Congress Democratic Party Inkatha Freedom Party National Party Pan Africanist Congress United Democratic Front Vryheidsfront Religion Apostolic Faith Mission of South ...

... in Richards Bay, been in the dark as to who attacked them mercilessly on a daily basis. They were finally able to confront the seven members of an Inkatha Freedom Party hit squad that has admitted carrying out random attacks on the community of Esikhawini in an attempt to eliminate any support ...

Not least of these were the armed wings, such as MK and APLA, as well as SDUs, which also operated in clandestine ways. Special organisations within Inkatha, such as the Caprivi-trained group, as well as numerous township vigilante groups (such as witdoeke), constitute further examples. Within ...

... or parties cooperated equally with the Commission. As a result, comprehensive searches through documents revealed few instances of statements from Inkatha perpetrators, from township ‘vigilante groups’, from torturers or from African National Congress (ANC)-aligned self-defence units (SDUs). ...

... injured. Shortly after the initial outbreak of violence in Sebokeng, Soweto commuters were attacked on trains by armed men alleged to have been Inkatha supporters, who chanted the Zulu war cry, “usuthu”. 645 Although only 15 per cent of commuters used trains, violence on trains between ...

... have never made any decision to employ violence anywhere for any purpose whatsoever. 21 By contrast, here are extracts from statements by Inkatha members applying for amnesty on grounds of numerous murders: Mr Wills: Now what was the purpose of this training? Mr Hlongwane: It was to ...

... but were subsequently accommodated at the KwaMadala Hostel, a building owned by ISCOR, the biggest employer in the Vaal. 552 On 3 September 1990, Inkatha members carried out an attack in the early hours of the morning on the Sebokeng Hostel. Twenty-three people were killed in this initial ...

... Durban o ffice for the period between July 1993 and May 1994. 1 1 8 Other statistics derived from the Commission’s database show that Inkatha/the IFP was responsible, in the mandate period, for some 3 800 killings in the Natal and KwaZulu area compared with approximately 1 100 ...

... were made about the attackers and alleged security force collusion in the attack. Residents reported the following: a The attackers were Inkatha-supporting hostel-dwellers from the KwaMadala Hostel which was owned by Iscor. b Some of the attackers were wearing white headbands, white ...

... of the rapid political change that was taking place, fuelled by ethnic divisions and socio-economic pressures. Certainly, existing tensions between Inkatha and the ANC were exacerbated, fuelled by the mobilisation of ethnic and political tensions. There is also evidence that individuals and ...

... and assistance to Zimbabwean dissidents. In 1985, an internal dimension was added to the functions of the DST with Operations Marion (support for Inkatha) and Katzen (counter-insurgency operations in the Eastern Cape) being added to the portfolio of responsibilities of DST 2. 42 DST was a ...

... thesis. However, there were points at which the connection between negotiations and an escalation of train violence appears clear. The launching of Inkatha as a national political party and the suspension of the armed struggle by the ANC in July 1990 and the announcement of a date for elections ...

... business activities. In response, Phelane allegedly formed a gang to counter these attacks. The gang is claimed to have enjoyed the support both of Inkatha members and police. Menera said that an underground structure of the SDU took a decision to kill the Phelanes and their ‘gangsters’. In ...

... of this movement were linked to SADF MI and it appears that the ADM was either initiated by, or at least supported by, MI. The ADM moved closer to Inkatha and at one point Gqozo wrote to Chief Mangosuthu Buthelezi 151 From 1991 onwards, allegations by the South African government of Transkei ...

Democratic Movement (ADM) was set up by the Ciskei government in July 1991. As a political party led by Brigadier Gqozo, the ADM aligned itself with Inkatha and with right wing groups in the Concerned South Africans Group (COSAG). 175 Throughout its brief history, the ADM was involved in violent ...

... before the Amnesty Committee, MS Taka and FM Taje, the sister of gang leader Diwithi Ramasimong, said that gang members became members of the Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) in the 1990s. This was allegedly encouraged by the prosecutor and a member of the SAP, who told gang members that ...

... learnt that Major General Engelbrecht, head of C section, had ordered the destruction of all documentation relating to the SAP’s involvement with Inkatha. 521 The fact that such cover-ups involved senior officers and continued well into the 1990s reflects the extent to which such groups saw ...

... the 1980s intensified this ethnic, generational, inter-and intra-organisational conflict. Thus, for example, the deepening of divisions between Inkatha and the UDF had been central to state policy from the mid-1980s. The experience of violent struggle during the 1980s and conditions of near ...