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school boycotts

Explanation
School boycotts originated in the Western Cape in April 1980 and spread to several other regions in South Africa. Grievances initially concerned the standard and quality of education but these grew into wider political protest. Street protests and police actions resulted in widespread violence. In the Cape, police shootings led to over 40 deaths. In the Orange Free State, police made use of force and firepower to break up crowd demonstrations, often resulting in injury and, in some cases, death. In Natal, boycotting pupils in KwaMashu defied Chief Buthelezi's calls to return to school, resulting in clashes between pupils and Inkatha supporters. These boycotts allegedly led to an increased exodus of youth from the country to join the ANC. Towards the end of 1985 , the UDF adopted a campaign to make the townships ungovernable. Educational institutions and trade unions became key sites of revolutionary activity. School boycotts and strikes were transformed into scenes of violent conflict and bloodletting. A state of emergency was declared in July and extended in October. It continued until the first democratic election in 1994.

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First Applicant testified that he was the commanding officer of the Security Branch in Tembisa from March 1986 and that he held the rank of Captain. School and consumer boycotts, unrest and violence were the order of the day in Tembisa at the time.
... At that time there were already some of those, especially where the local councils were then substituted with other structures where there were school boycotts. And these so-called free areas were well established. Now our fear was that these areas would then also extend to the Transkei and ...
... He was a high ranking member of Cosatu in both Mamelodi and Soshanguve Townships and as such played a prominent role in stayaways, consumer and school boycotts and other related activities launched by Cosatu in order to undermine the government. Consequently he qualified for elimination in ...
... at the time, but my direct involvement in politics itself came about in 1976 with the uprise in Soweto. I was elected onto a Committee which, a school committee, Spes Bona High in Athlone where we managed the first boycotts which took place in Cape ...
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