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HUMAN, HSAge Description Showing 181 to 200 of 856 First Page•Previous Page 6 •7 •8 •9 •10 •11 •12 •13 •14 Next Page•Last PageGross violations of human rights in the context of the ‘people’s war’ 67 In some cases, ANC supporters were responsible for perpetrating gross violations of human rights in contravention of the express policies of the organisation. Some of the individuals responsible have applied for ... ... was committed by a police agent. In such an instance, the state is held responsible for accounting for the disappearance. 63. International human rights law places the burden on the state to account for the actions of its agents. Thus it is not sufficient for the state to allege (as it ... ... of violent incidents between January and June 1991, carried out by the Centre of Social and Development Studies of the University of Natal and the Human Sciences Research Council, reported that the KZP played an aggravating and negative role in 55 per cent of the events at which members of the ... ... on the information it received. These included statements from victims, submissions by organs of civil society, political parties, international human rights groups, local non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and community-based organisations (CBOs), confessions made by amnesty applicants and ... ... this chapter can be summarised as follows: a The state is held strictly responsible for the conduct of its agents who commit gross violations of human rights. b State responsibility may be invoked even where the identity of the agent is unknown . c The state has the evidentiary burden to ... ... beatings and floggings of cadres who did not conform to the new militarist discipline replaced the more democratic culture which respected the human rights of the individual APLA soldiers. Members of the Military Commission did not only turn a blind eye to these abuses but are reported to ... ... encounter in which both sides were armed, neither the injuries to policemen nor the deaths of the Poqo members can be considered to be gross human rights violations. 192 Poqo attacks were also directed at whites. In February 1963, five white civilians were killed by Poqo members while ... ■ THE PAN AFRICANIST CONGRESS 181 Evidence before the Commission indicates that gross violations of human rights were committed by the PAC in the course of its armed struggle. Formed in 1959 as an Africanist breakaway from the ANC, the involvement of the PAC in the anti-pass law campaign of ... ... PARTICULARLY ITS MILITARY STRUCTURES WHICH WERE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE TREATMENT AND WELFARE OF THOSE IN ITS CAMPS, WERE GUILTY OF GROSS VIOLATIONS OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN CERTAIN CIRCUMSTANCES AND AGAINST TWO CATEGORIES OF INDIVIDUALS – SUSPECTED ‘ENEMY AGENTS’ AND MUTINEERS. THE COMMISSION FINDS ... ... IN LESS DEATHS AND INJURIES. THE COMMISSION FINDS THE COMMISSIONER OF POLICE AND THE MINISTER OF LAW AND ORDER RESPONSIBLE FOR GROSS VIOLATIONS OF HUMAN RIGHTS. THE COMMISSION FINDS THAT THE STUDENTS ENGAGED IN RETALIATORY ATTACKS ON ALL STRUCTURES AND INDIVIDUALS PERCEIVED TO BE IDENTIFIED WITH ... ... and the neighbouring Natal province, and in the PWV (Pretoria–Witwatersrand–Vereeniging) region of the Transvaal. In the latter region, the Human Rights Commission (an independent non-governmental organisation) estimated that some 4756 people were killed between July 1990 and June 1993 ... ... stories, myths and experiences. It chose, in the words of Antjie Krog, a South African writer and poet, “the road of... restoring memory and humanity”.7 It is what Oxford University historian, Timothy Garton Ash, sees as “the most promising” way – a way that offers “history ... KwaZulu-Natal The IFP, KZP and the battle for supremacy in KwaZulu and Natal 186 Inkatha was found to be the foremost perpetrator of gross human rights violations in KwaZulu and Natal during the 1990s. Approximately 9 000 gross human rights violations were perpetrated by Inkatha in KwaZulu and ... ■ MEDIA 93 State restrictions on the freedom of the media played an important role in facilitating gross violations of human rights during the period covered by the Commission’s mandate. While these restrictions were not in themselves a gross violation of human rights as defined in the Act, ... ... who had gone missing in exile or combat, and other missing persons. 12. The Commission had recourse to a number of working definitions developed by human rights groups working in the field. One such was the definition used by Amnesty International, which defined ‘disappeared persons’ as those ... ■ MEDICAL SCHOOLS 58 Medical schools played a significant role in perpetuating human rights abuses. Black people were systematically prevented from obtaining training in the health sciences and, even where this was allowed or provided for, received an inferior quality of education to that of ... ... submission of its five-volume Final Report has confirmed that the Commission was correct in making the findings that it did. GROSS VIOLATIONS OF HUMAN RIGHTS COMMITTED BY SELF-DEFENCE UNITS 75. In its Final Report, the Commission made the following finding against the ANC in respect of the ... ... 77 On the basis of the evidence available to it, the primary finding of the Commission is that: THE PREDOMINANT PORTION OF GROSS VIOLATIONS OF HUMAN RIGHTS WAS COMMITTED BY THE FORMER STATE THROUGH ITS SECURITY AND LAW-ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES. MOREOVER, THE SOUTH AFRICAN STATE IN THE PERIOD ... ... Commission’s enquiry into the destruction of records must be considered within the framework of its need to access documents pertaining to gross human rights violations in the period under review. While an enormous number of records was destroyed, not least as South Africa moved towards ... ... statements. ■ HEARINGS 32 The Commission gathered an enormous amount of important information and evidence at the hearings held by the Human Rights Violations Committee. There were five types of hearings. Victim hearings 33 At the victim hearings, some of the victims who had made ... |
