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ANC camps

Explanation
The ANC established bases in several African countries. The Department of Intelligence and Security (DIS), together with the military headquarters of MK, had control over residential centres and the Angolan camps, including 'Camp 32' or the Morris Seabelo Rehabilitation Centre (popularly known as 'Quatro'), Panga, Viana and the Nova Catengue camp. Following the SADF bombing of Nova Catengue camp in 1979, there was an atmosphere of paranoia about infiltration by South African agents. A number of ANC members were detained and tortured; some died as a result of assaults and some were executed. Dissatisfaction in MK training camps in Angola led to mutinies at the Viana and Pango camps during 1984. Both mutinies were put down with loss of lives on both sides. Many MK members were detained in connection with the uprisings, and some were tortured. Two groups of mutineers were tried by military tribunals and seven were executed.

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MR SPHAMBO: Infiltrators are the ones who were stealing the property in the cams and those, they were taking innocent comrades to go and sell those properties to the locals around and which was prohibited within - in our camps, you see.
... until 2 o'clock. Whilst we were sitting in watch when normally the disruptions would start, we saw a police Casspir which was far in the distance and it stood next to some trees in some open veld in ...(indistinct) and some people alighted from that Casspir and when we watched we wanted to ...
MR BERGER: You underwent further training. You eventually were trained in the Soviet Union and after your return from the Soviet Union, you were appointed as an instructor in the camps, is that correct?
... in trains and taxi's, internally based operatives often madeerrors that APLA had earlier avoided. There was little political work done unlikein the camps abroad. These were the causes of the departures in the 1990's whichwe as political leaders who declared war must and do take responsibility ...
MR MAKHUBALO: They took us to their camps.
... some were troubled by the SADF and some were actually, the comrades, some were actually under the UDF. The organisation now which has been the ANC. We also learnt quite a lot of things, about some of the things that were actually done by the group known as Khabasa. Some told us that they ...
borders to raid ANC or PAC camps, and think of how the newspapers like the Argus, ran these reports and the headline and contrast that to how they covered the Trojan Horse.
... detention, Bessie Mdoda appearing on the matter of Xola Martin Jebe, the nature of violation being suspected in ANC camps or by security forces, Robert and Cecelia Kohl appearing on the matter of Bully Aliston Kohl, the nature of the ...
MR NTISANA: When the soldiers were taken back to the camps and the Security Forces were deployed and the soldiers, my job would have been to call the kings and the chiefs from Sterkspruit, Maluti, Emboleni, Chingoland. I would call them and they would come together with the paramount chiefs and ...
MR THANDAKUBONA: We knew prominent UDF leaders but we basically wanted to know who organised them in Orlando West and we also wanted to know where their camps were.
MR BENEKE: We were in directly opposing camps and I had never met Mr Biko. Maybe had I met him at a later stage, I might have immediately have liked him or immediately took a dislike to him.
... we need, I think, to look a little bit more carefully at what has been happening in South Africa, the experience in the townships and in the exile camps where silence and ambiguity have also asserted ...
... Naledi, those were the areas which were affected mainly. As members of the organisation we tried by all means possible that we should have various camps so that we should be able to defend ...
could understand it and they told me that things did not work that way and they told me, and I told them that this is Landsfield and people from the camps are together with us and they should be, we should all be united. I did not, I was confused and the late Mr Shaw, I also, alerted him that the ...
Did you ever take rounds and patrol the squatter camps?
MR ARENDSE: Is that while you were staying in camps?
MR NTSEBEZA: Yes. Now I don't know whether you are aware the attack on the (...indistinct) camps in this area were between the 17th and the 21st of May 1986.
where people were accused of being spies in the camps outside the country and what happened in those situations. So it is an area that we need to look at very closely.
MR NODADA: And you heard that his forces that came with him to Umtata, when they got to the Ncise base, they attacked one of the camps and the camp that they attacked was mainly made up of recruits and that is where they had most of their casualties. Are you aware of that?
the language of the activists that had been trained externally. The normal policemen didn't exactly know the, I should say the language used in the camps and by the activists themselves. So they were often used as well to infiltrate where the normal police could not ...
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