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ANC camps

Explanation
The ANC established bases in several African countries. The Department of Intelligence and Security (DIS), together with the military headquarters of MK, had control over residential centres and the Angolan camps, including 'Camp 32' or the Morris Seabelo Rehabilitation Centre (popularly known as 'Quatro'), Panga, Viana and the Nova Catengue camp. Following the SADF bombing of Nova Catengue camp in 1979, there was an atmosphere of paranoia about infiltration by South African agents. A number of ANC members were detained and tortured; some died as a result of assaults and some were executed. Dissatisfaction in MK training camps in Angola led to mutinies at the Viana and Pango camps during 1984. Both mutinies were put down with loss of lives on both sides. Many MK members were detained in connection with the uprisings, and some were tortured. Two groups of mutineers were tried by military tribunals and seven were executed.

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borders to raid ANC or PAC camps, and think of how the newspapers like the Argus, ran these reports and the headline and contrast that to how they covered the Trojan Horse.
MR BERGER: You underwent further training. You eventually were trained in the Soviet Union and after your return from the Soviet Union, you were appointed as an instructor in the camps, is that correct?
MR THANDAKUBONA: We knew prominent UDF leaders but we basically wanted to know who organised them in Orlando West and we also wanted to know where their camps were.
... until 2 o'clock. Whilst we were sitting in watch when normally the disruptions would start, we saw a police Casspir which was far in the distance and it stood next to some trees in some open veld in ...(indistinct) and some people alighted from that Casspir and when we watched we wanted to ...
... some were troubled by the SADF and some were actually, the comrades, some were actually under the UDF. The organisation now which has been the ANC. We also learnt quite a lot of things, about some of the things that were actually done by the group known as Khabasa. Some told us that they ...
MR MAKHUBALO: They took us to their camps.
benefit and steer a decent moral path. That in its day was very difficult. Looking back at it there were some amusing incidents. An attempt for instance of the SASJ's rather white leadership to meet what was then Mwasa's black leadership in an environment where some members would have taken a dim ...
MR BENEKE: We were in directly opposing camps and I had never met Mr Biko. Maybe had I met him at a later stage, I might have immediately have liked him or immediately took a dislike to him.
MR BENNETTS: On occasion, yes, but not too much, because you had Defence Force guys who had been called up, doing camps, who were also living there, and you wouldn't have wanted to do too much in front of these guys, they would have been witnesses.
MR NTISANA: When the soldiers were taken back to the camps and the Security Forces were deployed and the soldiers, my job would have been to call the kings and the chiefs from Sterkspruit, Maluti, Emboleni, Chingoland. I would call them and they would come together with the paramount chiefs and ...
... in trains and taxi's, internally based operatives often madeerrors that APLA had earlier avoided. There was little political work done unlikein the camps abroad. These were the causes of the departures in the 1990's whichwe as political leaders who declared war must and do take responsibility ...
... are saying they have been tortured by people who had left this country, having been tortured. People are saying they were tortured outside in the ANC camps. So we have been struggling with that, in the sense that, how can we assist in policy formulation to make sure that these things never ...
... Naledi, those were the areas which were affected mainly. As members of the organisation we tried by all means possible that we should have various camps so that we should be able to defend ...
Did you ever take rounds and patrol the squatter camps?
could understand it and they told me that things did not work that way and they told me, and I told them that this is Landsfield and people from the camps are together with us and they should be, we should all be united. I did not, I was confused and the late Mr Shaw, I also, alerted him that the ...
I'd like to just go back once again to the gathering of information and to ask you whether you were aware of the presence of members of Umkhonto weSizwe in the area, in any of the camps prior to the major attack on the 9th, 10th and 11th of June?
... Quote, "my school is different from Government schools. We do not have a pool and the school is made of zinc and it is surrounded by squatter camps. The zinc on the roof is not completely done and we have very little space to study. Ellerton school is fully equipped and clean on the ...
MR NGESI: The instruction I got from Umtata was that everything else I was going to hear from Khotle, but from our camps, I knew that I was deployed to fight for my country, but I knew that I was going to get instructions or orders from Khotle. I went to Welkom to fight for my country.
MR MHLONGO: I knew that from long ago, before we were even told by the Leadership to come back home, I knew that while I was still in the APLA camps, I knew very well what was to happen.
MR NODADA: Alright. Now you saw them going up to the other camps and then, carry on and tell us what you saw.
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