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Cradock FourExplanation ... In addition, the investigation focused on Security Branch operations in six areas: Pretoria/national, Johannesburg, Pietersburg, Port Elizabeth/Cradock, Durban and Cape Town. The SAPS supplied twelve investigators (two for each area) to conduct on-site investigations on behalf of the team. ... ... through these means, been able to uncover much of what happened in the past. We know now what happened to Steve Biko, to the PEBCO Three, to the Cradock Four. We now know who ordered the Church Street bomb attack and who was responsible for the St James’ Church massacre. We have been ... ... necklacings. The South African Police used to preen itself about its successes in these operations. Concerning events such as the PEBCO Three, the Cradock Four and so on, the police engaged in elaborate and effective cover-ups. Now that their nefarious deeds are coming to light on their own ... ... to evidence from former state operatives as well as amnesty applications, now appears to be the work of security forces. Examples include the Cradock Four and PEBCO Three. The actions were done either to destroy evidence and or to suggest that the killings were conducted by rival groupings. ... ... by the time their bodies were burned. Burning was also used by the police to cover up killings. Well known cases are those of the PEBCO Three and Cradock Four (See Volume Three). 276 The Commission heard that, in some townships, ‘comrades’ attempted to prevent the burial of ... ... Oupa Gqozo testified. After the hearing, there were allegations that the Commission’s panel was biased against the perpetrators. k Cradock (10 - 11 February 1997). Testimony included that of two young people aged fifteen years who were caught in the crossfire when they were very ... ... end of 1989.) Eight COSAS activists are killed by grenades booby-trapped by the security forces in Operation Zero-Zero at Tsakane in June. The Cradock Four — UDF activists Matthew Goniwe, Sparrow Mkhonto, Sicelo Mhlawuli and Fort Calata — are abducted and murdered by security ... ... 239 The Amnesty Committee heard that Mthimkulu and Madaka had been abducted and taken to Post Chalmers, an abandoned police station near Cradock, where they were interrogated, drugged and finally shot in the head. Their bodies were burnt on a wooden pyre and their remains thrown in the ... 143 About half of this period was spent under a state of emergency: a limited state of emergency affecting western parts of the Eastern Cape around Cradock lasted from July 1985 to March 1986, followed by the declaration of a national state of emergency three months later and lasting until 1990. ... officers placed on black people’s lives was evident in the death of Ms Nobeki Mbalula, who was shot and killed in a random police shooting in Cradock. When the family confronted the police and told them that they had shot a woman who was breast feeding a baby, the police response was, ... informer are killed when their car is blown up by fellow police officers to prevent possible revelations of police involvement in the killing of the Cradock Four.
The Pan-Africanist Movement (internal wing of the PAC) is launched.
1990 The Berlin Wall falls in February, the symbolic end ... ... during the 1990s; g shootings by security forces at marches, funerals and protests; h assassinations such as the 1985 killing of the ‘Cradock Four’; i inter-organisational violence such as that between the UDF and the Azanian People’s Organisation (AZAPO) in the ... ... high-profile activists. These include Messrs Griffiths Mxenge, Siphiwe Mthimkulu and Topsy Madaka, the ‘Pebco Three’ and the ‘Cradock Four’. 109. Thirty-nine out of the total number of eighty abductions were MK or ANC-linked. Twenty-four of these occurred inside South ... ... acknowledging their contribution to the struggle against apartheid. Archbishop Tutu’s response to testimony by family members of the ‘Cradock Four’ at the East London hearing provides an example of this: I wanted to say this when Miss Mhlawuli was here – but perhaps I ... ... Consequently, the following cases were solved: the disappearance and murder of Madaka and Mthimkulu; the ‘PEBCO Three’; the ‘Cradock Four’; Steve Biko; Kondile and Mkhuseli Jack. Thereafter, the Unit extensively debriefed a significant number of members of the ... to be made against him. The costly and time-consuming Goniwe inquest also failed to answer the numerous questions concerning the death of the ‘Cradock Four’. Judicial enquiries into politically-sensitive matters rarely satisfy the need for truth and closure. As such, they should not ... ... to the intention to kill. 59. Thus the cases of Griffiths Mxenge, Topsy Madaka and Siphiwe Mthimkulu, the ‘Pebco Three’, the ‘Cradock Four’ and the Ribeiros should be classified as political assassinations rather than abductions. Here the intention of the perpetrators ... ... the Eastern Cape Attorney General’s Office investigated the disappearance of the ‘PEBCO7 Three’ and the killing of the ‘Cradock Four’, a number of applications w e re received from the Eastern Cape Security Branch. 18. Likewise, following an investigation by the ... ... July, eighty to ninety UDF families and fifty-five AZAPO families were estimated to be homeless as a result of the feud. 228 In June, the ‘Cradock Four’ were abducted and killed in a clandestine operation by the security forces. The security forces tried to make it look as though ... ... humming with anticipation. 12 The four days were extremely emotional and dramatic. The witnesses included the families of the well-known ‘Cradock Four’, community leaders assassinated in 1985; individuals and the families of those who were killed or injured in bombings carried ... |
