Pass

74 of 1982 1960 21 March: Sharpeville Sixty-seven people were killed and 186 wounded by police at the Sharpeville police station during a PAC anti pass law demonstration. In September, 224 civil claims for damages were served on the Minister of Justice. He stated on 21 October that legislation ...

Security Legislation of the Homelands: It is in the security sphere that the independent homelands demonstrated their willingness and ability to pass and administer legislation to great effect. In legal terms, the four independent homelands had complete sovereignty, with their own police and ...

â–  THE LAW AND VIOLENCE IN SOUTH

... resistance campaigns in the cities, such as the Defiance Campaign of 1952/53, the Congress of the People in 1955, the 1956 bus boycotts, the anti-pass laws campaigns in 1959 and 1960 and so on. There were also sporadic and scattered but sustained rural uprisings in Zeerust, Witzieshoek, ...

... Department of Prisons created the ‘farm prison’ system as a basis for providing cheap labour for white farmers. Africans arrested for pass law offences were frequently used to provide this form of labour. Although the Commission was not presented with evidence of this, it has been ...

... point to the Research Department of the Commission on 11 June 1997, it is stated that “the Surgeon General of the SANDF has undertaken to pass the press statement to all Curamus members”. 3 For example, former defence force chief, General Constand Viljoen, turned down an ...

... This is a self-serving myth. It is patently dishonest to claim today that any of us were unaware of apartheid; unaware of forced removals and pass laws; unaware of deaths in detention or unaware of the killing of children in our streets. The second response from the white community is ...

... that, in many respects, our church had developed, over many years, its own pattern of racial inequality and discrimination. It was all too easy to pass resolutions or make lofty pronouncements condemning apartheid. It was all too easy to point a morally superior finger at Afrikaner nationalist ...

... the importance of using language that cannot be misinterpreted given the long chains of command through which instructions, orders and policy must pass. ...

WITHOUT BEING CHARGED, OR IN CIRCUMSTANCES WHERE THEY ARE VULNERABLE TO TORTURE AND SEVERE ILL TREATMENT. IN ADDITION, GOVERNMENT SHOULD NEVER AGAIN PASS LEGISLATION INDEMNIFYING THE POLICE OR OTHER SECURITY FORCES AGAINST PROSECUTION OR CIVIL CLAIMS FOR ILLEGAL ACTIONS CARRIED OUT IN SUPPORT OF ...

... and the drafting of the Freedom Charter in 1955. In the 1960s, students were amongst those who rose up in their thousands to protest against the pass laws. The state’s response to these peaceful protests was mass repression. Many youth saw no option but to leave the country in order to ...

40 These eight pieces of legislation laid the foundation of the new apartheid order in South Africa. However, other important pieces of legislation passed in the first decade of apartheid rule stripped coloured male voters of their common-roll franchise rights, further limited the rights of ...

... violations in the western Cape for this period are similar to those occurring elsewhere in the country, especially those arising from the anti-pass laws protests of 21 March 1960 and subsequent events. These include the detentions, torture and trials that followed the banning of ...

... Bill would have required all journalists to be listed on a "roll of journalists". They would need certain qualifications and have to pass certain examinations in order to practise. No one who had been convicted of "any subversive activity" would be allowed to practise as a ...

... ‘crash courses’ in the use of arms and explosives. Those who attended the courses were afterwards expected to return to the BMW and pass on their training to others. The BMW was armed from a number of sources, including arms stolen from policemen, bought from local gangsters, ...

... give evidence. The farm prisons system ensured that farmers were supplied with a cheap supply of labour. African people who failed to produce their passes were, in theory, offered the option of ‘volunteering’ as farm labour in exchange for having charges dropped against them. Arrests ...

... cost of labour and the costs of reproducing that labour. This zeal for population control on the part of the mining houses set a precedent for the pass laws of the apartheid government . 46. The mines’ thirst for migratory labour led them to establish recruiting agencies in distant rural ...

... May [1963] but he was not released. The government refused. He was one of the people who built up an organisation. They then decided that they will pass a Sobukwe Clause so that they can keep him … It is both the NP and the opposition party of the day that agreed that he should be, he ...

... Inligtingstaakspan), a counter-revolutionary intelligence task group, is formed to collect operationally directed intelligence. The US passes the Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act which imposes fiscal and other sanctions on South Africa. Charles Sebe, jailed in 1984 for plotting a ...

... They are not in that wall. Why are they not in that wall? Is that your work, Chairperson, as we build reconciliation? Because I get angry when I pass that wall. I get angry that the women’s own suffering is not being recognised by this country. I get angry because the [Commission] is ...