Pass

Public order policing: the anti-pass campaign 31 The anti-pass campaign of 1960 saw the first gross violations of human rights in the western Cape in the Commission’s mandate period. The PAC had called on all African men to leave their passes at home on 21 March and give themselves up for ...

... kind of widespread public protests and open street conflict that were occurred in subsequent decades. The violence of the police reaction to the pass protests and restrictions imposed on political activity effectively curtailed any large-scale public political protest until the 1970s. Hence, ...

... than detainees, for reasons discussed below. The inevitable effect of this restricted agenda was that there were gaps in the testimony heard. Pass law offenders 8 The first of these gaps concerned the experiences of pass law offenders who, for many of the years under review, formed a ...

... universities. The Promotion of Bantu Self-Governing Act lays the foundation for the creation of 'independent’ bantustans. An amendment to Pass Laws Act extends pass laws to women. Both the ANC and the PAC initiate protest campaigns against the pass laws. The Sekhukuneland revolt is ...

... THREE Chapter SIX Regional ProfileTransvaal ■ 1960–1975 Overview 1 In 1960, when the National Party (NP) government extended the pass laws to women, widespread public dissatisfaction crystallised into the mass protest that ended with the killing of sixty-nine demonstrators in ...

... detentions and police brutality, and by criminal prosecutions under the main pillars of apartheid legislation. 28 From the early sixties, the pass laws were the primary instrument used by the state to arrest and charge its political opponents. By the same token, it was mainly the popular ...

... after the Sharpville massacre, there were several trials involving the leadership of the PAC and people who had participated in the anti-pass protests. Within two months, on 4 May 1960, the leader of the organisation, Mr Robert Mangaliso Sobukwe [EC0155/97ALB], and eighteen other ...

... THAT THE POLICE DELIBERATELY OPENED FIRE ON AN UNARMED CROWD THAT HAD GATHERED PEACEFULLY AT SHARPVILLE ON 21 MARCH 1960 TO PROTEST AGAINST THE PASS LAWS. THE COMMISSION FINDS FURTHER THAT THE SAP FAILED TO GIVE THE CROWD AN ORDER TO DISPERSE BEFORE THEY BEGAN FIRING AND THAT THEY CONTINUED ...

... historic fragmentation of civic activity in the region, which had been based on specific living conditions and the social divisions created by the pass laws and the enforcement of migrant labour practices. Thus there was the Cape Housing Action Committee (CAHAC) in the coloured areas, the ...

... argued that the definition of ‘severe ill treatment’ should be interpreted to include apartheid abuses such as forced removals, pass law arrests, alienation of land and breaking up of families. This approach finds support in the declaration to the Commission by five top judges ...

... examples of the everyday suffering imposed on workers. These included: a sexual harassment in the workplace; b the implementation of pass laws “through the active policing and collaboration of management as a means of labour control and cheapening labour”; c ...

... criminal purposes. You prevented Rolande from helping rebuild our broken nation which, if you had simply waited another few months, in fact came to pass when we had free elections. Your commander Brigadier Nene stated that it was difficult to control the forces on the ground due to lack of ...

... 1960s: PAC National Working Committee/Task Force/Poqo 279. The PAC explained in its submission that the response of the government to the anti-pass campaign (the Sharpeville massacre) led to the ‘formation of rudimentary units comprising mainly task force members. Armed operations were ...

... had very few investigators. Those who remained behind were assigned to dealing with amnesty investigations. The H RVC Commissioner was compelled to pass the onus of gathering corroborative information back to the deponents and families of potential victims. Deponents were requested to obtain ...

... looking at the past as something that is – should dominate our lives … I felt that was the opportunity that I will never let … pass me. I had to jump in and actually now also extend my hand of friendship to the victims or the people that suffered because of my actions in ...

... that was deemed to be a UDF area. In February 1987, he went to collect his matriculation results from school. In order to get there, he had to pass through an Inkatha stronghold. He was abducted by a named IFP member and not seen again. The KZP, in whose jurisdiction Shongweni fell, provided ...

... with branches or operatives based at Ladysmith, Greytown, Kokstad and Matatiele. Natal Security Branch operatives were also based at the Sani Pass and Boesmansnek Border Posts with Lesotho. Amongst the Branch’s divisional commanders was Brigadier Jacobus Hendrik ‘Jac’ ...

crafted too well; it was designed to discourage those who, like me, sought to improve their circumstances and those of their communities… The pass laws and influx control regulations were, for me, the focal point of the comprehensive network of laws and regulations which dominated my early ...

... At this time, the township was largely ANC-dominated, with the exception of C1 section which was said to be IFP. Residents of C1 section had to pass through E section to catch taxis and buses to and from the township, and were frequently attacked. ...

... from the provision of a relatively cheap migratory labour force, which was brought into being by land expropriation, forced removals, apartheid pass laws and influx controls . c Those businesses with an industrial workforce benefited from the existence of a reserve of unemployed workers ...